两种生态系统服务价值评估方法的比较研究——以环杭州湾地区为例

生态系统服务价值可以用来衡量生态环境的状况,但目前尚未形成统一的价值核算方法,该研究旨在比较评估方法及计算结果的差异。当量因子评估法和功能价值评估法被用于计算环杭州湾区域2000—2015年的生态系统服务价值,并对其结果进行了比较分析。结果表明:当量因子评估法的结果显示生态系统服务价值在2000年、2015年分别为779.58亿元和736.63亿元,功能价值评估法的结果是781.86亿元与810.37亿元。两种方法的结果较为接近,但呈现上升、下降两种相反的变化趋势。针对这一差异比较两种生态系统服务价值计算方法,认为功能价值评估法针对较小空间尺度的评价更为细致,能充分评估生态城市建设用地的产出,展现出的生态系统服务价值在功能结构、空间分布上更均衡,因而更适用以环杭州湾地区为例的城市化度较高的区域。

Comparative Study on Two Assessment Methods of Ecosystem Service Value

Ecosystem service value can be used to measure the status of ecological environment, however there is no unified accounting method, and the calculation results are quite different. This paper aims to compare the differences between evaluation methods and calculation results. Therefore, the equivalent factor assessment method and the functional value assessment method were simultaneously used to calculate the ecosystem service value of the Hangzhou Bay area from 2000 to 2015, and the results were compared and analyzed. The results of equivalent factor evaluation method showed that the ecosystem service value was 77.958 billion yuan and 73.663 billion yuan in 2000 and 2015, respectively, and the results of functional value evaluation method were 78.186 billion yuan and 81.037 billion yuan, respectively. The results show that the outcomes of the two methods are relatively close, but present two opposite trends: rising and falling. In view of this difference, we compare the two calculation methods of ecosystem service value, and learn that the functional value evaluation method is more detailed for the evaluation of smaller spatial scale, which can fully evaluate the output of construction land in eco-cities with ecosystem service value being more balanced in the functional structure and spatial distribution, therefore, it is more suitable for the areas with higher urbanization degree, such as the Hangzhou Bay area.