基于遥感黄河流域内蒙古段十大孔兑生态环境质量监测评价

黄河流域生态环境质量的及时、准确监测评价,是对其生态环境保护和建设的重要基础。因此以黄河流域内蒙古段十大孔兑为研究对象,利用Landsat5 TM和Landsat8 OLI数据,基于生态遥感指数对研究区2000—2020年生态环境健康度的分布格局及变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:(1)2000年、2010年和2020年,十大孔兑的遥感生态指数均值分别为0.31,0.33,0.57,生态环境质量正在不断改善。(2)研究期间,十大孔兑的生态环境质量等级以差到一般为主,差、较差及一般的面积之和占区域总面积的比例依次为79.45%,76.54%,70.16%,面积在不断减少,向良好和优秀等级转移的面积达1 004 km²。(3)在空间分布上,下游平原区的生态环境质量最优,上游丘陵区与中游风沙区相对较差。整体来看,研究区的生态环境治理虽取得了一定的成效,但仍有很大的改善空间。

Monitoring and Evaluation of Ten Kongdui Eco-environmental Quality Changes in Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin Based on Remote Sensing

The timely and accurate monitoring and evaluation of eco-environmental quality in the Yellow River Basin is the basis of its eco-environmental protection and construction. We took the ten sections of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia as the research objects, taking the top Ten Kongdi in Inner Mongolia of the Yellow River Basin as the research objects, we used Landsat5 TM and Landsat8 OLI data, to analyze the distribution pattern and change trend of eco-environmental health in the study area from 2000 to 2020 based on ecological remote sensing index. The results showed that:(1)in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the average values of remote sensing ecological index of the Ten Kongdui were 0.31, 0.33 and 0.57, respectively, and the ecological environment quality improved continuously;(2)during the study period, the eco-environmental quality grades of the ten kongdui were mainly from poor to general, and the sum of poor, relatively poor and general areas accounted for 79.45%, 76.54% and 70.16% of the whole study area; the area was constantly decreasing, and the area transferred to good and excellent grade reached to 1 004 km²;(3)in terms of spatial distribution, the eco-environmental quality of lower plain was the best, followed by the upstream hilly area and sandy area of middle reaches. On the whole, although the ecological environment governance in the study area has achieved some results, there is still much room for improvement.