宾县生态系统服务时空格局及权衡协同关系

东北黑土区是我国重要的生态功能区,也是主要的粮食产区,持续多年的开垦利用,加剧了该地区生态环境的恶化,因此探究黑土区生态系统服务的时空分异特征及协同权衡关系对该区域社会经济生态协调发展有重大意义。以宾县为研究区,综合利用InVEST模型、RUSLE模型、CASA模型、R语言和GeoDA软件,定量测度该县2000—2020年产水量、土壤保持和碳固定3种生态系统服务的时空格局及权衡与协同关系。结果表明:(1)从时间变化看,产水量呈上升趋势,碳固定和土壤保持呈先降低后上升的波动变化趋势;(2)从空间分布看,产水服务高值区表现为由中部向四周递减的趋势,碳固定和土壤保持服务总体呈现为南高、东低的空间分布格局。(3)权衡协同关系表明,2000—2020年,协同关系是宾县生态系统服务间的主导关系; 数值上,3种生态系统服务的协同关系持续增强,具体表现在相关系数和Moran's I指数的增加; 空间上,正、负相关集聚性明显,权衡协同关系分布空间分异性显著。综上,宾县生态系统服务变化呈上升趋势,南部区域生态系统服务较强,未来应在空间上促进生态系统服务协同发展。

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Ecosystem Services and Trade-off Synergistic Relationships in Bin County,Heilongjiang Province

The northeast black soil region is an essential ecological zone and a major grain-producing area in China. The continuous reclamation and utilization for many years has aggravated the deterioration of the ecological environment in this region, so it is of great relevance to inquire into the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of ecosystem services and synergistic trade-offs in the black soil region for the coordinated socio-economic-ecological development of this region. Taking Bin County as the study area, we quantitatively measured the spatiotemporal patterns and trade-offs and synergistic relationships of three ecosystem services, namely water production, soil conservation and carbon fixation from 2000 to 2020 in the county using the InVEST, RUSLE, CASA model, R language and GeoDA software. The findings indicated that:(1)the temporal variation of water production showed an increasing trend, while carbon fixation and soil conservation showed a tendency to decrease and then increase;(2)the spatial distribution showed that the high value of water production service presented a decreasing trend from the central part to the surrounding area, while carbon fixation and soil conservation services presented a spatial distribution pattern of high in the south and low in the east;(3)the trade-off synergistic relationship showed that the synergistic relationship was the dominant relationship among ecosystem services in Bin County from 2000 to 2020; numerically, the synergistic relationship of the three ecosystem services continued to increase, which was evidenced by the increase of correlation coefficient and Moran's I index; spatially, the positive and negative correlation clustering was obvious; spatially, the positive and negative correlations clustered significantly, and the distribution of trade-off synergistic relationships was spatially divergent. In summary, changes in ecosystem services in Bin County are on an upward trend, with stronger ecosystem services in the southern region, and synergistic development of ecosystem services should be promoted spatially in the future.