国土空间规划中县域农村居民点布局与优化——以江西省德兴市为例

为了协调居民点布局与国土空间规划的关系,探索村庄规划的未来方向,以江西德兴为例,采用2020年最新的德兴市第三次土地调查土地利用数据,提取农村居民点图斑后运用景观格局指数法、热点分析法和核密度分析法分别分析农村居民点的形态、规模和集聚性特征,选取地形、河流、道路、城镇、采矿用地和地质灾害6个驱动因素,以居民点面积和景观形状指数作为因变量,利用地理探测器进行原因分析,并将居民点按照优化方向分为4类。结果表明:研究区居民点形态差异较明显,但多数连片性较好,具有一定的整体性; 规模上呈大规模连片和小规模分散并存的状态; 且整体呈现“四主核多副核”的格局; 驱动因素中地形、城镇因素影响较大。基于此将居民点分为城乡融合、重点发展、调整提高和搬迁改造4种类型,分别给出不同优化策略,以期为江西省及全国县域农村居民点布局及村庄规划提供参考,为当地国土空间规划编制提供数据支撑。

Optimizing the Layout of Rural Settlements in County Under the Background of Land Spatial Planning

In order to coordinate the relationship between the layout of residential areas and land space planning, explore the future direction of village planning, taking Dexing City of Jiangxi Province as an example, we used the latest land use data of Dexing City in 2020 to extract the rural residential spots, and then used landscape pattern index method, hot spot analysis method and kernel density analysis method to analyze the shape, scale and aggregation characteristics of rural residential spots. The causes were analyzed by using geographic detector, selecting six driving factors such as terrain, river, road, town, mining land and geological disasters, and setting residential area and landscape shape index as dependent variables, and the residential areas were divided into four categories according to the optimization direction. The results show that there were obvious differences in the form of residential areas in the study area, but most of them were connected well and had a certain integrity; the scale was large-scale connected and small-scale scattered coexistence; and the overall situation was ‘our main cores and multiple sub cores'; the driving factors were terrain and urban factors. Based on this, the settlements could be divided into four types: urban-rural integration, key development, adjustment and improvement, and relocation and reconstruction. Different optimization strategies are given respectively, in order to provide scientific basis and reference for the layout of rural settlements and village planning in similar areas.