三江源地区生态经济系统协调度评价及其时空演变特征

为探讨三江源地区生态经济系统协调发展程度,以1990—2018年4期遥感数据为基础,采用修正后的单位面积生态系统服务当量因子,结合生态经济协调度模型对三江源地区ESV和经济发展与生态环境的协调度水平进行了综合评价。结果显示:1990—2018年三江源地区耕地、草地、水域和建设用地呈增加趋势,分别增加16.22%,7.50%,8.67%,130.85%,未利用地和林地呈波动下降态势,其中未利用地下降幅度最大,为24.57%。研究期间,三江源地区ESV呈先减后增的变化趋势,而草地ESV的增减是导致研究区ESV变化的主要原因; ESV在空间上呈现西北高东南低的分布格局,甘德和久治单位面积ESV呈下降趋势,其余各县均呈增加趋势。三江源地区生态经济协调度指数为0.011 7,生态经济发展总体处于低度协调状态,从空间分布格局来看,生态经济失调的地区有玉树、久治和甘德,三地均属于低度失调区,其余地区均处于协调状态,属于低度协调区。总的来看,研究区生态经济发展协调程度有所改善,但仍处于低度协调度的边缘,而合理开发和有效利用区域水土资源是实现三江源地区生态系统服务功能维持、发展与经济可持续、协调发展的关键。

Evaluation of Coordination Degree of Eco-economic System in Three-River Source Region and Its Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics

In order to explore the degree of coordinated development of the eco-economic system in the Sanjiangyuan Area, based on the 4th remote sensing data of the study area from 1990 to 2018, the revised ecosystem service equivalent factor per unit area was used to combine the ecological and economic coordination degree model to analyse the Sanjiangyuan Area comprehensive evaluation of ESV and the level of coordination between economic development and ecological environment. The results showed that: from 1990 to 2018, the cultivated land, grassland, water area and construction land in the Three Rivers Source Region showed an increasing trend, increasing by 16.22%, 7.50%, 8.67% and 130.85% respectively. Unused land and forest land showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend, of which unused land declined. The largest range is 24.57%. During the study period, the ESV in the Three Rivers Source area showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the increase or decrease of grassland ESV was the main reason for the ESV changes in the study area; ESV showed a spatial distribution pattern of high in northwest and low in southeast, Gande and Jiuzhi units the area ESV showed a downward trend, while the remaining counties showed an increasing trend. The ecological and economic coordination index of the Three Rivers Source area were 0.011 7, and the ecological economic development was generally in a low degree of coordination. From the perspective of the spatial distribution pattern, the areas with ecological and economic disorders include Yushu, Jiuzhi and Gande, with the three places all having low-level disorders. The remaining areas are in a state of coordination and belong to low-level coordination areas. On the whole, the ecological and economic development of the study area has a low degree of coordination. The rational development and effective use of regional water and soil resources is the key to achieving the maintenance of ecosystem service functions, development and sustainable economic development and coordinated development in the Three-River Source area.