高寒生态脆弱区农户生计资本及其耦合协调度分析——以甘南州夏河县为例

为降低高寒生态脆弱区农户的生计脆弱性,促进区域生态环境修复,以地处青藏高原东北边缘的夏河县为例,基于农户调查数据,运用熵值法和耦合协调度模型,对农户的生计资本及其耦合协调度进行了定量测度与对比分析,并对影响农户生计资本及其配置的因素进行了探究。结果表明:(1)农户生计资本整体偏低。其中人力资本最高,且差异最小,但人力资本损失严重; 金融资本最低,且差异最大。(2)不同类型农户的生计资本比较而言,发展型农户的人力资本、金融资本和社会资本都优于基本型和缺失型农户。(3)农户生计资本耦合协调度总体较低,以处于基本协调水平的农户为主体。比较而言,发展型农户的生计资本耦合协调度最高,基本型农户的生计资本耦合协调度较高,缺失型农户的生计资本耦合协调度最低且全部为零。区域人文地理环境、生态保护与贫困治理政策等是影响农户生计资本及其配置的重要因素。可见,挖掘农户人力资本潜力,提高其金融资本,转变自然资本利用方式是降低高寒生态脆弱区农户生计脆弱性,维护区域生态安全的有效措施。

Analysis of Livelihood Capital and Its Coupling Coordination Degree of Farmers in Ecologically Vulnerable Alpine Areas

In order to reduce the livelihood vulnerability of farmers and promote the restoration of regional ecological environment, we selected the Xiahe County, which located in northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, as the study area. Based on the survey data of peasant households, we used the entropy method and coupling coordination degree model to measure and compare the livelihood capital and coupling coordination degree of peasant households, and explored the factors affecting the livelihood capital and its allocation. The results show that:(1)The overall livelihood capital of farmers is low, in which the human capital is the highest with minimum differences, but the loss of human capital is serious. The financial capital is the lowest with the maximum difference.(2)Compared with the livelihood capital of different types of farmers, the human capital, financial capital and social capital of developed farmers are better than those of basic and capital-deficient farmers.(3)The degree of coupling coordination of household livelihood capital is generally low, and the farmers mainly belong to the basic coordination level. Comparatively, the livelihood capital coupling coordination degree of developed farmers is highest, the livelihood capital coupling coordination degree of basic farmers is higher, and the livelihood capital coupling coordination degree of capital-deficit farmers is the lowest and all of them are zero. Regional human geographical environment, ecological protection and poverty control policy are the important factors that affect farmers' livelihood capital and its allocation. Therefore, tapping the human capital potential of farmers, improving their financial capital, and changing the utilisation mode of natural capital are effective measures to reduce livelihood vulnerability and maintain regional ecological security of the alpine ecologically fragile area.