花生种植技术的重大变革——单粒精播

传统花生种植穴播2粒或多粒，同穴多株之间地下部根系交错竞争肥水资源，地上部叶片遮挡竞争光热 资源，极易出现大小苗，限制花生产量进一步提高。山东省农业科学院花生栽培与生理生态创新团队根据竞争排 斥原理，建立了花生单粒精播高产栽培技术。单粒精播将花生每穴2粒或多粒播种改为每穴1粒，扩大株距，缓解 相邻植株间的竞争，个体均匀一致、整齐健壮，更能充分发挥单株生产潜力；单位面积株数减少，群体结构更加合 理，提高光合产物向荚果的分配率，通过提高经济系数来提高产量。本文论述了花生单粒精播技术的发展历程、理 论与技术突破、发展前景等，并提出了限制大面积推广的技术瓶颈，旨在推动该技术的大面积应用。

Great change of peanut planting technology: single seed sowing

In traditional peanut planting, two or more seeds were planted in one hole. Seedlings in the same hole competed for fertilizer, water resources, light and heat resources, which led to the different growth of seedlings and limited increase of pod yield. The peanut cultivation and physiological ecology innovation team of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science has established peanut single seed sowing technology. It sowed one seed in a hole instead of two or more, and expanded plant spacing, alleviated the competition between adjacent plants, and made the individual uniform, orderly and robust, which could give full play to the potential of single plant production. The number of plants per unit area decreased, which made the group structure more reasonable, and increased the distri⁃ bution rate of photosynthetic products to pods, thus increased production by increasing economic coefficient. This paper discussed the development process, breakthrough of the theory, technology and development prospect of pea⁃ nut single seed sowing technology, and brought forward the technical bottleneck to limit large-scale promotion, in order to speed up the application of this technology.