液相芯片技术在动物疫病检测中的研究进展

液相芯片技术是整合了激光技术、流式细胞仪、数字信号处理和传统化学技术的一种新型生物分子检测技术，目前广泛应用于各种免疫分析和核酸检测中。液相芯片技术支持单重和多重分析，可在多种测定方法中对蛋白质和核酸靶标进行高通量检测，具有高通量、操作简单、适用范围广、重复性好、特异性高、所需样品量少、更灵敏稳定、成本低等优点，正逐渐代替传统检测和定量病原体的工具，如实时荧光定量PCR扩增检测系统（qPCR）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）等检测方法。动物传染病严重危害着养殖业健康发展，一些诸如高致病性禽流感的人畜共患病对人类健康造成了严重威胁。高效灵敏的诊断系统将有助于在传染病暴发期间筛选大量样本，防止感染扩散。液相芯片技术的发展为高通量检测和疾病的预防提供了新的平台。作者简要概述了液相芯片技术的原理和优点，重点阐述了液相芯片技术在检测动物疫病，包括猪病、禽病、兔病、犬病、啮齿类动物和其他动物疫病方面的研究进展。相信今后液相芯片技术会成为临床诊断、基础研究、新药开发、司法鉴定、食品卫生监督、生物武器防范等领域的一项重要分析检测技术，该技术的发展将大大推动生命科学研究与进步。

Research Progress Towards the Liquid Chip Technology in Detection of Animal Infectious Diseases

Liquid chip technology is a novel biomolecular detection technology which integrates laser technology,flow cytometry,digital signal processing and traditional chemical technology.It is widely used in various immunological analysis and nucleic acid detection.Single and mutiplex analysis are supported,with protein and nucleic acid targets detected in a variety of detection methods in high throughput manner.It has advantages of high throughput,easy operation,wide range of application,good repeatability,high specificity,less sample needed,high sensitivity and stablility,and low cost.Therefore,they are gradually replacing the traditional detection and quantitative pathogen methods,such as Real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system (qPCR),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other detection methods.Animal infectious diseases seriously endanger the development of the breeding industry,futhermore,some zoonoses such as highly pathogenic avian influenza also pose a serious threat to human health.An efficient and sensitive diagnostic system will help to screen a large number of samples during the outbreak of infectious diseases and prevent the spread of infection.The development of liquid chip technology provides a new platform for high-throughput detection and disease prevention.In this review,the principle and advantages of liquid chip technology are briefly described.The research progress of liquid chip technology in the detection of animal infectious diseases,including pigs diseases,poultry diseases,rabbit diseases,dog diseases,rodent diseases and other animal infectious diseases are summarized.We believe that in the future,this technology will become an important analytical and testing tool in clinical diagnosis,basic research,new drug development,judicial identification,food health supervision,biological weapons prevention and other fields.The development of this technology will greatly promote the research and development of life science.