农业模型发展分析及应用案例

农业模型、农业人工智能及数据分析等技术贯穿于智慧农业的信息感知、信息传输、信息处理与控制全过程，是智慧农业的核心技术。为进一步明晰农业模型的内涵和作用，促进农业模型进一步研究及应用，推动智慧农业健康、稳定和可持续发展，本研究采用系统分析、比较及关系框图等方法，分析了农业模型的内涵，阐述了农业模型和智慧农业要素与过程的关系，明确了农业模型的作用并附以应用案例，比较了农业模型的国内外重要发展动态与趋势。国内外农业模型研究与应用重要进展比较表明，农业模型研究应用需要考虑农业生物要素的4个水平、农业环境要素的6个尺度、农业技术与农业经济要素的6个层次并采用相应方法进行，农业模型环境要素空间多尺度研究应用有较大发展潜力；农业模型与分子遗传学、感知技术及人工智能技术结合，农业模型研究应用的公私有组织协作，粮食安全挑战将成为农业模型进一步发展的重要推动力，且需更注重将各种农业系统模拟、数据库、和谐性与开放数据及决策支持系统相连接。中国农业模型研究与应用已形成具有中国特色的作物模型系列，也融入农业模型的互比较与改进、智慧农业等世界潮流，需要抢抓机遇，加快发展。农业模型是农业系统要素内及要素间关系的定量化表达，是农业科学定量与综合的重要方法，具有认识论价值，它与感知技术的结合可以在智慧农业数据获取与处理中发挥不可或缺的作用，成为信息农业技术落地应用的重要桥梁和纽带。

Developmental analysis and application examples for agricultural models

Agricultural models, agricultural artificial intelligent, and data analysis technology, etc., exist in whole processes of information perceiving, transmission, processing and control for smart agriculture， thus they are the core technology of smart agriculture. To furtherly make the substances and functions of agricultural models clear, facilitate its further research and application, drive smart agriculture development with healthy, steady, and sustainable, methods of systematic analysis, comparison, and chart for relationship, etc. were used in this research. The definition, classification, functions of the agricultural models were theoretically analyzed. The relationships between the agricultural models and the elements and processes of the smart agriculture were expounded, which made the functions of agricultural models clear, provided some agricultural models examples applied in the smart agriculture. The important studies and application progresses of agricultural models were reviewed. The comparison results of agricultural models showed that the 4 levels of agricultural biological elements, 6 scales of agricultural environmental elements, 6 administrative levels of agricultural technological and economic elements, and the relevant approaches for modeling agricultural system need to be considered. The research and application of multi-space scales on environment elements in the agricultural models would have the larger potential. The combination of agricultural models with molecular genetics, perceiving, and artificial intelligence, the collaboration among public and private researchers, and food security challenges have been an important power for further development of agricultural models, linking agricultural models with various agricultural system modeling, databases, harmonious and open data, and decision-making support systems (DSS) would be focus on. The research and application of the agricultural models in China have formed crop model series with Chinese characteristics, joined in the world trends of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP), the smart agriculture, and so on. They should be speedy graspe chances and accelerate development. The agricultural models is a quantitative express of relationships within or among the agricultural system elements. An important method with epistemological values of quantifying and synthesizing agricultural sciences, and will play an indispensible role in data achieving and processing for the smart agriculture combining perceiving techniques, and become a significant bridge and bond.