行道树修剪物料堆肥化过程中关键指标参数分析及对翠芦莉生长的影响

利用福州市主要行道树修剪废弃混合粉碎物料进行堆肥,添加鸡粪调节C/N比,通过实时监测,探究堆肥好氧发酵过程中养分含量变化及堆肥对植株翠芦莉生长的影响,确定适合福州市常用园林树木粉碎物料堆肥的腐熟条件,为研制高架桥园林植物营养土提供科学依据。结果表明:在堆肥过程中有机质含量持续下降,全氮、全磷、全钾以及总养分含量呈上升趋势。在堆肥第10d时温度达到50℃,并趋于稳定。pH值在堆肥过程中先呈上升趋势,后逐渐下降,在35d左右趋于稳定。含水率在堆肥过程中呈现下降的趋势。第35d时,C/N比达到了堆肥已经腐熟的要求范围(15~20∶1)。施用堆肥的处理株高、叶面积和干物质累积量均高于未施用堆肥的处理,且土壤与堆肥物料1∶2配比时,植株地上部和地下部养分含量达到最高。表明堆肥温度45~49℃,平均温度48℃,C/N比19.50,pH值为9条件下,园林植物粉碎物料堆肥在第35d时达到腐熟,全氮、全磷、全钾养分含量分别为1.28%、1.73%、1.95%,可以作为轻质营养土的原料;土壤与堆肥比例1∶2时最有利于植株翠芦莉的生长。

Composting of Tree-pruning Waste and Effect of Resulting Composts on Growth of Ruellia Brittoniana

By using the waste from tree-pruning in Fuzhou and adjusting the C/N ratio with chicken manure for composting,the resulting composts were evaluated as a potential substrate for plant growth. During the composting,a real-time monitoring on the aerobic fermentation was conducted to understand the changes in the nutrient content of the compost and their effect on the growth of the model plant,Ruellia brittoniana .A continual decline on the organic matters accompanied by an increase on the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and other nutrients in the compost was observed.On the 10 th day of composting,the compost reached a constant internal temperature of 50℃,while its pH decreased gradually after an initial increase and stabilized after the 35 th day.The moisture content of the compost decreased continuously throughout the process.The C/N ratio of the compost arrived at the fully decomposed stage (i.e.,1 5-20/1)on the 35 th day.The height,leaf area,and dry biomass of the plants grown on the soil/compost mixtures were found superior to those on soil alone.When one part of soil was mixed with two parts of the compost,the nutrient content in the above-ground,as well as under-ground,parts of the plant was at its maximum.It was concluded that when the temperature was 45 -49℃ (averaging 48℃),C/N at 1 9.50,and pH at 9,the compost was considered fully decomposed with the total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents of 1.28%,1.73%,and 1.95%,respectively.And,on substrate with a mixing ratio of two parts compost to one part soil,the best result was obtained for the growth of R.brittoniana.It was expected that a compost could be generated from tree-pruning waste in the city to satisfactorily enrich the soil for municipal landscaping on viaducts.