寒地水稻不同生态类型下优质高产营养障碍因子研究

在黑龙江省第二积温带的哈尔滨呼兰地区和第三积温带的庆安地区通过田间试验研究了最佳处理（OPT）和OPT-N、OPT-P、OPT-K、OPT-B、OPT-Zn、CK0 7个处理对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明：在不同生态类型下，水稻生长发育和产量、质量的第一限制因子是氮，其次是钾，在品质方面主要影响出米率、外观品质和食味；对生长发育和产量构成因素的影响，两个生态区均表现趋势一致，缺氮显著降低水稻的分蘖、株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数，而缺其他元素的处理与全肥区差异不显著。这些营养元素缺乏和不均衡供给对水稻高产、稳产构成严重威胁，成为土壤养分限制因子和潜在限制因子，应该有效地管理好养分资源。

Studies on the Limitation Factors of Rice Yield and Quality in Different Cold Region of Northeast China

The experiments were conducted to study the nutritional limitation factors of rice yield and quality by the method of field multi-sited experiments in two cold regions of northeast China during 2006-2007.Seven treatments were setup （OPT,OPT-N,OPT-P,OPT-K,OPT-B,OPT-Zn,CK0）.Results showed that the nutrient of nitrogen was the most important limitation factors of rice yield and quality,followed by potassium.On the condition of deficiency of nitrogen,brown rice rate and head rice rate were only 80.71% and 72.58%,the nutrient quality was greatly reduced,the yield components of tillering,effective panicles,grains per panicles,seed setting rate,1000-grains weight,and grain yield were greatly decreased.The grains yield were merely 5007-6003 kg/hm 2.the difference of grains yield of OPT-N and that of OPT was greatly statistically significant （P 0.01）.The lack of potassium was similar to nitrogen.So the nutrition of rice must be effectively managed.