施氮量和栽培密度对超级晚籼稻“天优华占”非结构性碳水化合物积累、分配和稻米品质的影响

以超级稻天优华占为材料,研究了4种不同氮肥施用量和2种不同栽培密度下灌浆结实期叶片光合特性,抽穗期和成熟期叶鞘和茎秆的非结构性碳水化合物积累与分配及其和稻米品质间的关系。结果表明:当施氮量为0～165 kg/hm2时,灌浆期（抽穗后16 d）剑叶中净光合速率随施氮量的增加而增加。当施氮量超过165 kg/hm2,光合速率略有下降。适宜的施氮量和栽插密度可增加抽穗期的糖和淀粉积累量。相关分析表明:糙米率和穗中可溶性糖以及淀粉累积量均呈显著正相关,垩白度和茎秆以及叶片中可溶性糖积累量呈显著或极显著正相关,直链淀粉含量和叶中可溶性糖积累量呈极显著负相关,蛋白质含量和叶中可溶性糖以及淀粉累积量呈显著或极显著正相关。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Densities on Non-structural Carbohydrates Accumulation, Distribution and Quality of Super Late Rice Tianyouhuazhan

The photosynthesis characteristic, non-structural carbohydrates accumulation and distribution in stem and grains at heading and maturity stage and their relation with rice quality were studied with the super late rice Tianyouhuazhan as materials under 4 different nitrogen rates and 2 densities patterns. The results showed that when 0 to 165 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer was applied, net photosynathetic rate of leaf increased with the increasing of fertilizer at grain filling stage (16 days after heading). And it would decrease when nitrogen fertilizer was used more than 165 kg/hm2. Sugar and starch content accumulation increased at heading stage under optimal nitrogen fertilizer application and planting density. Correlation analysis showed BR (brown rice) was significantly or very significantly positive correlated with accumulation of sugar and starch in panicle, so was Chalkiness PC (protein content) with accumulation of sugar in stem and leaf. There were significantly negative correlation between AC (amylose content) and accumulation amount of sugar in leaf, and positive correlation between PC and accumulation of sugar and starch in leaf.