一株撑绿杂交竹内生菌的分离鉴定及主要培养特性研究

从天全撑绿杂交竹秆中分离到一株对植物病原真菌具有拮抗作用的内生真菌。形态特征表明,该菌株为毛壳菌属中的一员,但与目前查阅范围内的记载种均存在差异,且国内该菌在竹类植物内生菌分离上尚未曾见有报道,故暂定名为竹毛壳菌（Chaetomium sp.）。竹秆组织分离表明内生真菌的生态分布存在季节、组织部位与年龄差异。此外,对其培养特性进行了初步摸索,结果表明：（1）竹秆煎汁对该毛壳菌生长、产孢速度及产孢量均有促进作用,且同等条件下含蔗糖的培养基对菌的生长和繁殖都优于含葡萄糖的培养基;（2）该毛壳菌生长对低温和高温敏感;（3）该毛壳菌生长对pH值的适宜范围较宽;（4）该毛壳菌对光照敏感,对通气状况要求不严格。

Study on Isolation,Identification and Main Cultural Character of Endophytic Fungus in Chenglv Hybrid Bamboo

An endophytic fungus depressing the pathogenic fungi growth was isolated from the stem of Chenglv hybrid bamboo （ Bambusa pervariabilis Mcelure Dendrocalamopsisdaii grandis）. The morphological characteristics of this strain were proved one of Chaetomium Kunze. et Schmid. But based on the comparisons with specimens documented, we found that the isolated Chaetomium in our research was significant different from others. We concluded that this species, temporarily named Chaetomium sp. , is new and has never been documented domestically. The endophytes isolated from the stem of Chenglv hybrid bamboo were. appeared differentces in seasons, tissues, and ages. Cultivation exerinaents demonstrated that decoction from bamboo increased the growth, ascomata produce speed and quantity of Chaetomium sp. In the same condition, saccharose was also better to Chaetomium sp. growth than glucose medium. Different cultivation temperatures ranged from 5 to 40℃ also showed that the optimal growth temperatures for this fungus were between 20 - 30℃ and the best temperature was at 25℃. Lower than 5℃ or higher than 40℃ would slow down the growth or even stop the growth completely. When tested on the PSA medium with pH from 5 to 11, the results showed that Chaetomium sp. was not sensitive to pH changes. Light requirements were assessed and found that there were no differences of Chaetomium sp. grown in full light or dark conditions. On 12 h light and 12 h dark conditions, however, generated the worst growth condition for Chaetomium sp. Aeration was not strictly required according to our experiment.