地表覆盖对温室黄瓜品质、水分利用效率及土壤环境的影响(英)

在日光温室条件下研究了不同地表覆盖对黄瓜品质、水分利用效率及土壤环境的影响.结果表明:地表覆盖不仅能明显增加黄可溶性糖、Vc、可溶性蛋白、干物质含量及游离氨基酸总量,而且能提高黄瓜的水分利用效率,其中覆盖秸秆＋地膜效果优于覆盖秸秆与覆盖地膜;同一处理下嫁接黄瓜处理优于非嫁接黄瓜.覆盖秸秆具有降低最高地温和提高最低地温的作用,使土壤温度保持相对稳定;覆盖地膜对最高地温的增幅最大,对最低地温的增幅最小,结果导致地温变幅最大;覆盖秸秆＋地膜既增温又保温.土壤呼吸速率日变化呈单峰曲线,与5～10 cm地温日变化趋势一致,峰值出现在14:30左右,土壤呼吸速率与5～10 cm地温达极显著相关;地表覆盖的土壤呼吸速率均显著高于对照,并以覆盖秸秆＋地膜的土壤呼吸速率最高,覆盖地膜与覆盖秸秆次之.覆盖秸秆与覆盖秸秆＋地膜处理使0～20 cm土层的土壤容重极显著小于覆盖地膜与对照,覆盖地膜的土壤容重略小于对照,随着土层的加深,各处理间土壤容重差异渐小.在覆盖秸秆与覆盖秸秆＋地膜处理小区,耕层(0～20 cm)土壤有机质含量、全氮、全磷含量、速效氮磷钾含量显著高于对照和覆盖地膜处理,并以覆盖地膜处理最低.

Effects of soil mulching on cucumber quality, water use efficiency and soil environment in greenhouse

Effects of various soil mulching models on cucumber quality, water use efficiency and soil environment in greenhouse were analyzed. Results show that, under the soil surface mulching model, cucumber yield and the contents of dry matter, soluble sugar, total vitamin C, soluble protein and total dissociative amino acid are increased, and also water use efficiency is enhanced. The effects of wheat straw with plastic film (WP) treatment are better than those of Wheat straw (WS), plastic film (PF). Under the same treatment, fruit quality and water use efficiency of grafted cucumber are significantly higher than those of own-rooted one. WS treatment enhances the lowest soil temperature and decreases the highest soil temperature, which make the range of soil temperature stable. PF treatment increases the highest soil temperature and decreases the lowest soil temperature, which result in soil temperature range larger. WP treatment does not only increase the lowest soil temperature, but also decreases the highest soil temperature. Diural fluctuation in soil respiration rate is a single-peak curve, the highest value appeared at about 14:30, as soil temperature at soil depth of 5~10cm. Moreover, a significantly positive correlation exists between soil temperature and soil respiration rate. The value of soil respiration rate of mulching treatments is significantly larger than that of the control, and decreases in order of WP, PF and WS. At soil depth of 0~20cm, minimum bulk density and maximum one were measured in WP and CK at the end of experiment respectively. Bulk density values of WP and WS are significantly less than that of CK, but the bulk density value of PF is appreciably less than that of CK. Bulk density values of all treatments become more and more similar with the increase of soil layer depth. The contents of soil organic matter, total N and P, available N, P and K at soil depth of 0~20cm under WS, WP treatment are significantly larger than those of CK and PF, and those of PF are smaller than those of CK.