原油管道低输量运行问题

原油管道一般按油田高产期外输设计的，在油田开采的初期和末期，原油管道必然出现不满输现象，由于油田自然老化，原油外输量减少，油田自炼油增加；设计时对油田产量估计过高，导致管径设计过大等原因，使我国多数管道出现低输量情况，提出了实际输量稍高于允许最低输量叫低输量，实际输量低于允许最低输量叫超低输量等界定指标，我国盛产高粘易凝原油，低输量运行既不经济又很不安全。国外的办法一般是掺稀油输送或加药改性，延长

Discussion on Low Flowrate of Oil Pipeline

Generally speaking,an oil pipeline is designed based on the high output of an oil field. Yet slack line operation is often the case during the initial and the late periods of operation. Outgoing flowrate usually gets less and less with the oil field being aging and also refinery operation increasing within the oil field. On top of the above mentioned factors, estimation on oil output is usually higher than it really is, therefore, large diameter pipeline is built. For these reasons, most of the pipelines laid in China are running at a low flowrate.Such critical definition is stated in the paper that "low flowrate" means that the pratical flowrate is higher than the allowable minimum flowrate, "ultralow flowrate" means the practical flowrate is lower than the allowable minimum flowrate. China is rich in highly viscous and easily gelatinated oil. It is neither of economy nor safety to maitain low flowrate transportation. To solve the problem, the following is normally considered convenient abroad; Adding diluent oil or additive for modification so as to make the pipeline maintain shutdown for longer time to obtain an intermittent operation. In China, the research on the process technique-additive addition followed by comprehensive treatrentment has seen its outstanding economic benefit and can be applied in full-line operation as well.