北方农牧交错区不同播期和刈割期对燕麦饲草产量和品质的影响

为明确不同播期和刈割期对燕麦（Avena sativa L.）饲草产量和品质的影响，本研究以粮饲兼用燕麦品种‘白燕2号’为材料，于2018-2019年在内蒙古农牧交错区进行了5个播期和3个刈割期的田间试验。结果表明：推迟播种可获得相对较高的燕麦饲草产量和品质，但推迟播种提高了中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量，其中酸性洗涤纤维含量受年份和刈割期影响较大；燕麦饲草粗蛋白含量受刈割时间影响显著（P<0.001），在抽穗期含量最高；燕麦饲草产量在灌浆期达到最大；生育期间积温对燕麦饲草生长影响显著，拔节到抽穗期的积温增加不利于燕麦饲草产量和品质的形成，但出苗到分蘖间的积温增加可提高粗脂肪和酸性洗涤纤维的含量。总之，在北方农牧交错区种植燕麦饲草‘白燕2号’，在5月中下旬之间播种，在灌浆期刈割，可获得相对优质高产的燕麦饲草。

Effect of Different Sowing Date and Cutting Time on Yield and Quality of Forage Oat in Agro-pastoral Ecotone of Northern China

To examine the effects of different sowing dates and cutting time on yield and quality of forage oat, a field experiment was established in farming-pastoral zone Inner Mongolia with 5 sowing dates and three cutting times by using grain-forage oat cultivar ‘Baiyan 2’ as test material in 2018-2019. The delay of sowing time could obtain a relative high yield and quality of forage oat, but increased the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber content was influenced by the factor of year and cutting time. The crude fat content of forage oat had its highest value in the heading stage and was significantly affected by the cutting time (P<0.001). The forage yield reached the highest in the filing stage. The accumulated temperature in the growth stage significantly influenced forage oat growth(P<0.001), and the accumulated temperature for jointing to heading stage showed an adverse effect on the formation of yield and quality of forage oat, but increasing of accumulated temperature from sowing to tillering stage enhanced the content of crude fat and acid detergent fiber. In all, the recommended sowing date of ‘Baiyan 2’ is in mid-to-late May in agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, and cutting at the filling stage could achieve relative high forage yield and quality of oat.