牛粪堆肥高效降解菌的筛选及复合微生物菌剂的制备

[目的]确定最佳菌种复配比例。[方法]从牦牛粪自然堆肥中筛选菌株。以新鲜牛粪和稻壳粉为堆肥原料,以不加复合菌剂的处理为对照,将不同复合微生物菌剂以3‰的总接种量接入到堆肥中,观察不同处理对堆肥腐熟过程的影响。[结果]牦牛粪自然堆肥中的绿色木霉和米曲霉的生长速率和活性较高。绿色木霉∶米曲霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌∶假单胞菌=2∶2∶1∶1的处理,发酵过程中升温最快、温度最高。温度升高到55℃仅用6 d,高温维持8 d,最高温度为65.5℃。堆肥腐熟后,植物种子发芽指数为92.3%。[结论]复合微生物菌剂的最佳比例为绿色木霉∶米曲霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌∶假单胞菌=2∶2∶1∶1。

Selection of Highly Efficient Degradation Bacteria and Preparation of Complex Microbial Inocula for Cow Dung Compost

[Objective] The aim was to determine the optimum compound proportion of strains.[Method] The strains were screened out from the natural compost of yak manure.With the fresh yak manure and rice hull flour as compost materials and the treatment without compound inocula as CK,different complex microbial inocula with total inoculation amount of 3‰ was inoculated into compost to study the effects of different treatments on maturity process of compost.[Result] The growth rates and activities of Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus oryzae from natural compost of yak manure were higher.In the treatment of T.viride ∶A.oryzae ∶ Bacillus subtilis ∶Pseudomonas sp.= 2∶2∶1∶1,the temperature increased the most fast and the temperature was the highest in fermentation process.It only needed 6 d when the temperature increased to 55 ℃ and the high temperature could maintained 8 d with the highest temperature of 65.5 ℃.After maturity of the compost,the germination index of plant seeds was 92.3%.[Conclusion] The optimum proportion of compound microbial inocula was T.viride ∶A.oryzae ∶Bacillus subtilis ∶Pseudomonas sp.= 2∶2∶1∶1.