不同施肥方式对超高产夏玉米叶绿素荧光特性及产量性状的影响

通过田间试验，研究了不同施肥方式下超高产夏玉米叶片叶绿素荧光参数、SOD活性、细胞膜稳定性及产量性状。结果表明，“种沟施肥+拔节期追氮+大喇叭口期追氮”有利于提高玉米叶片的PSⅡ原初光化学效率（Fv/Fm） 、PSⅡ量子效率（ΦPSII）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）， 降低非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）。“种沟施肥+拔节期追氮+大喇叭口期追氮”和控释肥这两种施肥方式对提高叶片叶绿素含量和SOD活性，降低MDA含量和相对电导率的效果较好。控释肥对提高玉米子粒千粒重的效应较大，“种沟施肥+拔节期追氮+大喇叭口期追氮”显著提高玉米子粒产量。为了获得高产，应采用种沟施肥+拔节期追氮+大喇叭口期追氮的施肥方式，而控释肥则有利于简化施肥作业，提高劳动效率。

Effects of different fertilization methods on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of summer maize

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilization methods on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, permeability of cell membrane and yield of summer maize. The treatment of “fertilizing in seed furrow + topdressing nitrogen at jointing stage + topdressing nitrogen at big bugle stage’’ was better at increasing Fv/Fm，ФPSⅡ and qP and reducing NPQ in leaves. Both treatments of “application of controlled-release fertilizer’’ and “fertilizing in seed furrow + topdressing nitrogen at jointing stage + topdressing nitrogen at big bugle stage’’ increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves, and kept malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity at lower levels. Although controlled-release fertilizer increased 1000-grain weight, the treatment of “fertilizing in seed furrow + topdressing nitrogen at jointing stage + topdressing nitrogen at big bugle stage’’ had the best effect on grain yield per unit area. The data suggested that the method of “fertilizing in seed furrow + topdressing nitrogen at jointing stage + topdressing nitrogen at big bugle stage’’ should be adopted in order to get higher grain yield. But controlled-release fertilizer seemed to be a better choice to simplify the field management.