灵芝主要有效成分超声提取工艺的优化

目的研究灵芝三萜和灵芝多糖的超声提取工艺．方法采用超声波辅助法，探讨了提取剂的pH（碱醇）、提取剂用量、提取温度、超声时间4个因素对灵芝三萜提取效果的影响，并用无水乙醇做对照实验．探讨超声时间、提取温度、提取剂用量3个因素对灵芝多糖提取效果的影响．结果醇的pH和超声时间对灵芝三萜的提取效果有明显影响，其他两因素影响效果不大；提取时间和提取温度两个因素对灵芝多糖提取效果达到极显著水平．结论灵芝三萜最佳提取条件为：乙醇用量30倍＋提取温度60℃＋提取时间60min＋碱醇pH8．5，对无水乙醇调pH可以明显提高乙醇提取灵芝三萜的能力；灵芝多糖提取最佳条件为：超声提取时间55min＋提取温度55℃＋提取剂用量50倍．

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction on the Main Active Ingredient of Ganoderma lucidum

Objective This study researched ultrasonic extraction process on the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Method Using ultrasound-assisted, the study has researched the effect of factors that include pH of extraction agent （alkaline alcohol ）, extraction dosage, extraction temperature, ultrasonic time on the acid extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and doing the control test with ethanol; the effect of factors that include ultrasonic time, extraction temperature, extraction dosage on extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Results The effect pH of extraction agent and time of ultrasonic are more obviously than other two factors to the acid extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes ; Effects of extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides achieve very significant level. Conclusion The optimum extraction conditions for the acid extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes are as follows：Alcohol consumption 30 fold and extraction temperature 60 ℃ and extraction time 60 min and alkaline alcohol pH 8.5. Adjusted pH of the ethanol can significantly improve the ethanol extract capability of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. The extraction process is suitable for factory production of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes; The optimal extract conditions of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide are as follows：ultrasonic extraction time 55 min ＋ extraction temperature 55 ℃ ＋ extract dosage 50 times.