多温区冷藏车气密性能影响参数理论分析与试验

从多温区冷藏车的渗风机理出发,构建渗风气流模型,对内部隔断系数、载荷系数、内流场扰动系数、热压差等影响参数展开理论分析和试验研究。认为多温区冷藏车渗风量是车辆本身气密性能、车速、内部隔断情况、装载状况和气流扰动等因素共同作用的结果。其中,内部隔断的存在有利于整车气密性的提高,但效用逐步递减。双温区冷藏车内部隔断系数为0.6~0.9,三温区冷藏车内部隔断系数为0.45~0.85。内部载货量对渗风有一定的隔阻作用但并不显著,试验车载荷量为25%、50%、75%、100%时,载荷系数分别为0.98、0.96、0.92、0.87。内部气流扰动在不同速度条件下对渗风的影响差异较大;试验车速度分别为20、40、60、80、100 km/h时,内流场扰动系数分别为0.68、0.85、0.94、0.97、0.98。由于多温区冷藏车多用于城市配送,常以中低速运行,车内空气循环能对渗风起到一定的抑制作用。此外,由于冷藏车高度较小,内外温差所产生的热压差也较小,理论分析显示约25 K温差产生1 Pa的热压差,在工程实践中可将冷藏车渗风视为单纯风压作用的结果。

Theoretical Analysis and Experiment of Air Tightness of Multi-temperature Refrigerated Truck

The model of air leakage flow was constructed based on air infiltration mechanism of multi-temperature refrigerated truck. Theoretical analyses and experimental measurement were conducted with the established model, such as internal partition coefficient, load coefficient, internal flow disturbance coefficient, heat pressure difference and other parameters. It was shown that the air leakage rate was mainly affected by air tightness of the vehicle itself, speed, internal partition, loading condition and airflow disturbance. Specifically, the internal partition could improve air tightness of the vehicle with diminishing utility. The internal partition coefficient was 0.6~0.9 in double temperature refrigerated truck, and it was 0.45~0.85 in the three temperature refrigerated truck. The internal loading capacity had limited effect on air infiltration. The load coefficient was 0.98, 0.96, 0.92 and 0.87 when load was 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The influences of internal airflow disturbance were different with different speeds. The internal flow disturbance coefficient was 0.68, 0.85, 0.94, 0.97 and 0.98 when speed was 20km/h, 40km/h, 60km/h, 80km/h and 100km/h, respectively. Since the multi-temperature refrigerated truck used for city distribution is often at low speed, the internal circulation wind could stop air leakage at a certain degree. In addition, the heat pressure difference caused by temperature difference between inside and outside of the truck was small because the height of refrigerated truck was small. Theoretical analyses showed that temperature difference of 25K corresponded to pressure difference of 1Pa. Such effect was so insignificant in engineering practice that the air infiltration of refrigerated truck can be regarded approximately as a result of simple wind pressure.