温度对棉蚜发育与繁殖力的影响

在相对湿度为50±10%,光周期L∶D=14∶10的人工气候室内,研究不同温度(26,28,30,32,34和36℃)棉蚜的发育速率、死亡率和繁殖力。结果表明:随温度升高,棉蚜的死亡率增加,繁殖率降低,寿命缩短;若蚜期从26℃的5.9d下降到34℃的4.4d,36℃时若蚜4d后若蚜的死亡率达99%,不能完成发育。在26,28,30,32和34℃时,若蚜的死亡率分别为17.5%,25.0%,25.5%,22.6%和22.0%。在28℃时,棉蚜特定年龄繁殖率(Mx)和净生殖率(R0)均达到最大,分别为14.0与53.0。在五个温度条件下,棉蚜内禀增长率(rm,d-1)分别为0.304、0.398、0.385、0.245和0.124。通过模型拟合计算得出:棉蚜发育的最适温度为29.0℃,致死温度为35.5℃。棉蚜繁殖的最适温度为28.8℃;当温度上升到34.9℃时棉蚜不能够继续繁殖。伏蚜在28~30℃温度区间繁殖能力强,对棉花危害最大。

Effect of Temperature on Development and Reproduction of Aphis Gossypii (Hom., Aphididae)

The development,death rate and reproduction of the Aphis Gossypii(Hom., Aphididae) were evaluated on detached cotton leaves at six high constant temperature (26℃,28℃,30℃,32℃,34℃, 36℃) in laboratory. The developmental periods of the immature stage ranged from 5.9 days at 26℃ to 4.4 days at 34℃. A constant temperature of 36℃ was lethal to the immature stage of Aphis Gossypii and death rate was up to 99% in four days. The death rate was estimated to be 17.5%,25.0%,25.5%,22.6% and 22.0% at 26℃,28℃,30℃,32℃,34℃. The age-specific fecundity and net reproductive number were at peak numbers at 28℃ with numbers of 14.0 and 53.0. The intrinsic rate of increase was estimated to be 0.304,0.398,0.385,0.245 and 0.124 at five temperatures. The optimum temperature for development was 29.0℃ and lethal temperature for development of cotton Aphid was 35.5℃. The optimum temperature for reproduction was 28.8℃ and lethal temperature for fecundity of cotton Aphid was 34.9 ℃ based on fitting model. Summer aphid appeared relatively great reproduction from 28℃ to 30℃, and seriously damaged to cotton growth.