荔枝气调贮藏研究初报

荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sornn)的果实在气温(28℃)中容易变质腐烂,不耐贮运。本试验是在冷藏基础上,应用聚乙烯袋包装,分别进行抽气,充氮等人工快速降氧的简易气调方法,探讨荔枝果实在简易气调方法情况下的贮藏寿命,贮藏技术和适宜的贮藏环境条件。1.简易的气调贮藏方法与4～8℃适宜低温相结合,可明显地抑制呼吸活动,防止果实软化腐烂、品质变化和其它腐败过程。而取得贮藏寿命延长达50～70天,并保持果色鲜红、色香味均佳、腐烂率和失重率都降低的效果。2.研究结果表明,荔枝果实对CO_2有相当高的忍受能力,果实在4～6℃、30％CO_2浓度下不致产生不良风味,在高浓度CO_2中真菌生长和果实呼吸作用均被抑制,因而荔枝果实的贮藏寿命延长、腐烂减少并保持良好品质。

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE STUDY OF LITCHI FRUITS STORED UNDER CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE

Fruits of litchi(Litchi chinensis Sornn) are easy to decay at 28℃ air temperature after harvest.This makes us very difficult to store and transport the fruits.In this report,based on refrigeration,we employed a simple method to control the atmosphere under storage by packing fruits in air- tight polyethylene bags and rapidly decreased O_2 and insreased CO_2 by artificially exhaust process or filling nitrogen. As to the storage life,proper techniques with optimun storage envi- ronmental conditions mentioned in the paper are reported. 1.The simple method of CA storage if combined with a moderately low temperature of about 4-8℃ would markedly retard the respiratory activity of litchi fruits,not only made them slower to decay,but also prevented the quality change and other breakdown processes.Thus the fruits were freshly red,excellent in flavor and taste.The fruits were kept in shape by turgidity.As a whole,the percentage of decay fruits and change in weight were minimized. 2.Recently our investigations showed that litchi fruits could stand the tolerate fairly high CO_2,and that under a concerntration of 30% at 4-8℃ litchi fruits did not run off in flavor,and susceptible to fungal or bacterial attacks.The respiration of the fruits were greatlY suppressed.Thus the storage life of the fruits prolonged.Fruits decayed very few and could maintain in good quality.