施肥对麦田土壤中的微生物影响研究

目的]揭示土壤微生物群落与土壤养分的关系。方法]采用室内恒温培养试验,以长期肥料定位试验(CK、PK、NPK 3个处理)的0~20 cm土壤为试材,设不施肥(CK)、施化肥(CF)、秸秆和无机肥配施(RS)、厩肥和无机肥配施((PM)4个处理。淹水培养后测定微生物群落结构多样性。结果]4种不同施肥处理土壤的AWCD值随着培养时间成"S"型变化。表征细菌的磷脂脂肪酸其相对含量总和表现为RS>PM>CF>CK,与微生物量碳变化规律相同。表征放线菌磷脂脂肪酸其相对含量总和的变化趋势与微生物生物量碳变化规律相反。真菌的特征磷脂脂肪酸相对百分含量总和在施厩肥的处理中最高,在无肥对照中最低。不施肥和单施化肥处理的G+G-值显著高于RS和PM处理。结论]不同施肥处理使土壤中微生物群落功能多样性明显改变。

Research on the Influence of Fartilization on the Microbe in Wheat Field

Objective] The study was to reveal the relationship between soil microbial flora and soil nutrient.Method] With the 0-20 cm soils from the longterm fertilizer location experiment(CK,PK,NPK) as tested materials,4 treatments including no application fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(CF),stalk and inorganic fertilizer(RS),and animal manure and inorganic fertilizer(PM)) were designed in indoor culture test at constant temperature.After flooding water culture,the construction diversity of microbial flora was measured.Result] Soil AWCD(average well color density) value of 4 treatments changed as "S"model with the culture time.The sum of related content of phospholipid fatty acid in characteristic bacterial varied as RS>PM>CF>CK and changed similarly with the microbial biomass carbon.The sum of related content of phospholipid fatty acid in characteristic actinomycetes changed oppositely with the microbial biomass carbon.The sum of related content of phospholipid fatty acid in characteristic fungi was highest in PM treatments and that in CK was lowest.The G G-value in the treatment of CK and CF was significantly higher than that in RS and PM.Conclusion] The function diversity of microbial flora in soil changed obviously in treatments with different fertilizations.