葡萄木屑栽培香菇配方筛选及胞外酶活性研究

利用葡萄木屑代替常用配方木屑栽培香菇(Lentinus edodes),通过比较不同配方菌丝生长速度、生长势、产量、农艺性状、营养品质、矿物质含量、重金属Cr含量及经济效益,筛选出葡萄木屑栽培香菇高效配方D1。结果表明,该配方D1(木屑79%、麦麸20%、石膏1%,含水量63%)香菇菌丝生长速度与对照相比无显著差异,为3.03 mm·d^-1,菌丝洁白、浓密,满袋时间、转色时间及原基形成时间与对照相比无显著差异;子实体农艺性状优于对照,营养品质与对照相比无显著差异;子实体Ca、K、Mg、Cu、B、Mn、Zn含量均显著性高于对照,Fe含量与对照相比无显著性差异,重金属Cr含量为0.67%,显著低于对照;平均每袋净产值比对照低0.45元/袋。但配方D1转色及采收时间比对照晚2 d左右;产量为656 g/袋,生物学效率达65.60%,显著低于对照。试验还发现,随着葡萄木屑添加量的增加,香菇菌丝漆酶活性呈逐渐降低趋势,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、淀粉酶、酸性蛋白酶活性与对照均无显著差异。

Study on Effective Cultivation Formula Selection and Extracellular Enzymes Activity of Lentinus edodes with Grape Sawdust

Grape sawdust were used to cultivate Lentinus edodes instead of common hard wood in this experiment.By comparing the growth rate and growth speed of mycelium,yield,agronomic characters,nutritional quality,mineral content,Cr content and economic benefit of different formulations fruiting bodies,the effective cultivation formula had been screened out.The result showed that the formula D1 is sawdust 79%,wheat bran 20%,gypsum 1%,water content 63%.The mycelium growth rate of L.edodes was not significantly different from that of the control,which was 3.03 mm·d^-1,and the mycelium was white and dense.There was no significant difference in the time of mycelium full bag,the turn color,the bud formation between formula D1 and the control.The agronomic characters of the fruiting bodies were better than the control.The nutritional quality was not significantly different from the control.The contents of Ca,K,Mg,Cu,B,Mn and Zn were significantly higher than the control.The Cr content was 0.67%,significantly lower than the control.The average net output value was 0.45 yuan per bag,which was lower than that of the control.The rotation and harvest time were about 2 dys later than the control.The yield and biological efficiency were 656 g per bag and 65.60%,respectively,which were significantly lower than the control.The experiment also found that with the increase of the amount of grape sawdust,the activity of laccase decreased gradually.The activity of cellulase,hemicellulase,amylase and acid protease had no significant difference with the control.