从气候角度论农业结构调整

以重庆市丰都县为例,通过对气候特点、气候优势、气象灾害以及农业生产结构关系的分析,以"尊重自然、趋利避害、持续发展、提高效益"为原则,提出农业产业结构调整布局方案:粮食作物扩大优质水稻、玉米、甘薯的种植面积,压缩小麦、马铃薯的种植面积;经济作物扩大烤烟、蔬菜、榨菜的种植面积,压缩大豆、花生、油菜的种植面积;水果干果扩大龙眼、甜橙、红心柚、猕猴桃、核桃、板栗的种植规模,压缩葡萄、桃子、李子的种植规模;林业药材扩大速生丰产林、经济林、黄连、杜仲、红豆杉的种植规模。农业结构调整可以因地因时制宜、科学利用气候资源和有限的土地资源,对提升农林产品的竞争力和经济效益、生态效益具有现实意义。

Adjustment of Agriculture Structure from Perspective of Climate

Taking Fengdu County,Chongqing City as an example,based on the climate characteristic,advantage of climate,meteorological disasters and agricultural production structure analysis,with ＂respect for nature,draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages,sustainable development,improve efficiency＂ as principle,the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure layout was put forward： expanding planting area of superiority rice,maize,sweet potato,compressing potato and wheat planting area in food crops;expanding flue-cured tobacco,vegetable planting area,and compressing planting area of soybean,peanut,rape in economic crops;expanding longan,orange,red grapefruit,gooseberry,walnut,chestnut cultivation scale,compressing planting scale of grape,peach and plum in fruit;expanding fast unripe high yield forest,economic forest,Coptis chinensis,eucommia,yew planting scale.Agricultural structure adjustment can be according to local conditions,scientific use of climate resources and the limited land resources,which has practical significance for enhancing the products competitiveness and economic benefits,ecological benefits.