新疆春小麦籽粒性状与磨粉品质及其关系研究

为给新疆春小麦籽粒性状和磨粉品质的遗传改良提供理论依据,对386份新疆春小麦材料(55个地方品种、207个自育材料和124个引进材料)的籽粒性状与磨粉品质及其关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同来源春小麦材料的籽粒性状和磨粉品质各有优劣。386份供试材料的千粒重为37.48 g,容重为737.76 g·L~(-1),籽粒硬度为54.71,粒径为2.88 mm,籽粒蛋白含量为15.95%,出粉率为53.06%,灰分为0.54%,L~*值为96.86,a~*值为-1.16,b~*值为9.83。整体而言,籽粒蛋白质含量、L~*值较高;籽粒硬度较低,a~*值和b~*值较高,三者的变异系数较大,分别为22.26%、25.86%和15.67%,具有较好的改良潜力。籽粒性状与磨粉品质关系密切,其中千粒重、粒径与灰分含量呈极显著负相关,籽粒硬度、籽粒蛋白含量与灰分含量呈显著正相关,千粒重、粒径与L~*值呈显著负相关,与a~*值呈显著正相关,籽粒硬度与a~*值呈显著负相关,容重、粒径与b~*值呈显著或极显著正相关。昌春3号、伊春4号、中作8131、新春26号、新春33号等可用于新疆春小麦籽粒性状和磨粉品质改良的优选品种(系)。

Study on the Grain Traits, Milling Qualities and Their Relationships in Xinjiang Spring Wheat Germplasm

In order to provide the theory basis for genetic improvement of grain traits and milling qualities of Xinjiang spring wheat, a total of 386 Xinjiang spring wheat, including 55 Xinjiang spring wheat landraces, 207 local-bred varieties, and 124 introduced varieties, were used to analyze the grain traits, milling qualities and their relationships. Results showed that the grain traits and milling quality of different sources of spring wheat differ a lot. The average of thousand grain weight, test weight, grain diameter, grain hardness, protein content, flour yield, ash content, L^* value, a^* value and b^* value of the grain traits and milling qualities of Xinjiang spring wheat germplasm were 37.48 g, 737.76 g·L^-1, 2.88 mm, 54.71, 15.95%, 53.06%, 0.54%, 96.86, -1.16 and 9.83, respectively. As a whole, protein content and L^* value were higher. Contrastingly, grain hardness was lower, and a^* value and b^* value were higher, and their coefficients of variation were larger(22.26%, 25.86% and 15.67%, respectively), indicating the traits has great improvement potential. The grain traits are closely related to the milling quality. The ash content was significantly negatively correlated with thousand grain weight and grain diameter;Grain protein content and grain hardness were significantly positively related to ash content, thousand grain weight;Grain diameter was significantly negatively correlated with L^* value and was significantly positively related to a^* value;Grain hardness was significantly negative correlation with a^*value;Test weight and grain diameter were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with b^* value. Changchun 3, Yichun 4, Zhongzuo 8131, Xinchun 26, and Xinchun 33, etc.Can be used in the improvement of grain traits and milling quality.