基于EPG技术分析杭菊两主栽品种对三种菊蚜抗性及其相关抗性物质

为比较杭白菊主栽品种早、晚小洋菊对菊小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella sanborni、棉蚜Aphis gossypii、桃蚜Myzus persicae的抗性,通过刺吸电位技术(electrical penetration graph,EPG)研究菊蚜在菊顶叶上刺吸行为,并检测了菊顶叶主要化合物。结果表明:在晚小洋菊上,菊小长管蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间4.31、3.47 min,分别短于在早小洋菊上的4.63、3.75 min;棉蚜、桃蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间分别为4.32、4.72 min和4.92、4.64 min;3种蚜虫的平均刺探次数均大于在早小洋菊上的平均刺探次数。聚类分析结果显示,2个主栽品种之间抗性存在差异。早小洋菊顶叶平均可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别为2.71 mg/g和25.36 mg/g,均高于晚小洋菊;早小洋菊顶叶总酚含量为0.24 mg/g,显著低于晚小洋菊;早、晚小洋菊总黄酮含量分别为3.46 mg/g和3.37 mg/g。早小洋菊顶叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量基本上与每种菊蚜的E1、E2波持续时间显著正相关,总酚含量、总黄酮含量与每种菊蚜的E1或E2波持续时间显著负相关。推测早小洋菊对于菊长管蚜的抗性稍弱于晚小洋菊,2种杭白菊对棉蚜或桃蚜的抗性相当,且菊叶中的这4种物质含量与抗蚜性相关。

Analysis of resistance of two elite Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars to three species of aphids using EPG techniques and their potential resistant substances

In order to compare the differences in the resistance to three species of aphids (Macrosiphoniella sanborni, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae) between two elite Hangbaiju (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cultivars:Zaoxiaoyangju and Wanxiaoyangju, the probing behaviors of these aphids on the apical leaves of the chrysanthemum plants were studied by using electrical penetration graph (EPG) techniques, and the main compounds of these apical leaves were also analyzed. The results showed that the durations of E1 and E2 waves in M. sanborni on the cultivar Wanxiaoyangju (4.31 min and 3.47 min, respectively) were shorter than those on the cultivar Zaoxiaoyangju (4.63 min and 3.75 min); the durations of E1 and E2 waves in A. gossypii and M. persicae were 4.32, 4.72 min and 4.92, 4.64 min, respectively. The average numbers of probes of the three aphids on Wanxiaoyangju were higher than those on Zaoxiaoyangju. The cluster analysis separated these two cultivars clearly into two different groups (classes), indicating obvious differences in resistance against these aphids. The average contents of soluble sugars (2.71 mg/g) and soluble proteins (25.36 mg/g) in the apical leaves of Zaoxiaoyangju were more than those in the Wanxiaoyangju apical leaves, whilst the total content of phenols in the former (0.24 mg/g) was significantly lower than that in the latter. The total contents of flavones in Zaoxiaoyangju (3.46 mg/g) and Wanxiaoyangju (3.37 mg/g) were very similar. Moreover, in Zaoxiaoyangju apical leaves the contents of soluble sugars and soluble proteins were positively correlated with E1 and E2 durations of each aphid species, except the E2 duration in M. persicae; both contents of phenols and flavones were negatively correlated with either E1 or E2 duration of each aphid species. The results indicated that Zaoxiaoyangju exhibited a relatively weaker resistance against the aphid M. sanborni than did Wanxiaoyangju, and there were no significant differences in the resistance to the aphids A. gossypii and M. persicae between these two cultivars. The contents of these substances in the chrysanthemum leaves seemed to be related to their resistance against or susceptibility to the aphids.