基于生态位模型的基塘利用适宜度评价

基塘是一种特殊的土地利用方式,在珠江三角洲土地利用格局中具有重要地位。该文以佛山市南海区为研究区域,将生态位适宜度模型引入到基塘利用质量评价中,从自然质量、社会经济、空间形态3个维度构建基塘生态位适宜度评价指标体系,采用希伯特空间模型、加权平均模型、限制因子模型及加权求和模型计算出不同维度的基塘生态位适宜度,划分出适宜度等级,分析基塘利用质量及其分布特征。结果表明:南海区基塘用地自然质量条件较好,被城镇扩展、交通发展占用的可能性较大,连片性较强,分维数小,空间形态较为规整,生态位适宜度水平普遍较高,空间分布"南高北低"。高适宜度基塘面积高达9 611.80 hm~2,占基塘总面积的54.63%,集中分布在西南地区的西樵、九江、丹灶,也是传统基塘的发源地,体现人类因地制宜发展生态农业的合理性;较高适宜度基塘3 301.35 hm~2,分布在西南和北部地区;中等适宜度基塘3 274.72 hm~2,狮山镇分布最多;低适宜度基塘1 406.43 hm~2,北部地区分布最多。采取保护性开发、分区分片利用、加强整治力度、改善生态环境等措施是提高基塘生态位适宜度水平的有效途径。

Fitness evaluation of Dike-pond utilization based on Niche model

Dike-pond was a special land use type and played an important role in the land use pattern of Pearl River Delta. This paper took Dike-pond as the research object, Nanhai District of Foshan City as the research area, introduced the Niche-fitness model into the quality evaluation of Dike-pond, and constructed the Niche-fitness evaluation index system of Dike-pond utilization from three dimensions: Natural quality, social and economic, spatial form. Then it used the means of Hibbert space, weighted average, limiting factor and weighted summation models to calculate the Niche-fitness in different dimensions, divide the fitness level, and analyze Dike-pond utilization quality and its distribution characteristics. The results showed: 1) From the natural quality dimension, Dike-pond was dominated by relatively high and middling fitness, and the distribution was high in the south and low in the north. The areas of high and relatively high fitness were 3 266.04 and 7 130.09 hm2, respectively, which were concentrated in Jiujiang, Xiqiao and Danzao of the southwestern part. The area of middling fitness was 5 622.52 hm2, mainly distributed in Xiqiao, Danzao and Shishan. And the low fitness of Dike-pond was the most in Jiujiang, Shishan and Danzao. 2) From the social and economic dimension, Dike-pond was dominated by middling and relatively high fitness, and the overall level was relatively low. The areas of middling and relatively high fitness were 6 373.32 and 5 596.50 hm2, which were concentrated in the southwestern part; The high fitness was the most in Jiujiang and Shishan, the low fitness was the most in Danzao and Xiqiao. 3) From the spatial form dimension, the Niche fitness was generally higher, and the distribution was high in the south and low in the north. The area of high fitness was 9 494.36 hm2, mostly distributed in the southwestern part; The area of relatively high fitness was 2 942.02 hm2, which was evenly distributed in the southwest and the north; The middling fitness was the most in Shishan, the low fitness was the most in Shishan and Lishui. 4) The Niche fitness level of Dike-pond in Nanhai District was generally high, and high fitness was the main type, the distribution was high in the south and low in the north. The area of high fitness was 9 494.36 hm2, accounting for 53.96% of the total Dike-pond area, concentrating in Xiqiao, Jiujiang and Danzao, and also the cradle of traditional Dike-pond in Pearl River Delta. The area of relatively high fitness was 3 301.35 hm2, distributed in the southwest and the north; The area of middling fitness was 3 274.72 hm2, with the largest number of Shishan; The low fitness was 1 406.43 hm2, the northern part was the most. It was an effective way to improve the Niche fitness level of Dike-pond by protective development measure, using the segmentation, increasing the intensity of remediation, improving the ecological environment.