不同耕作模式对东北风沙土区玉米产量及氮素利用率的影响

研究优化集成耕作模式对东北风沙土区玉米产量、肥料氮素利用率及去向的影响,探讨不同耕作模式下玉米产量及氮肥利用率之间的关系,为东北风沙土区玉米生产合理耕作模式的选择提供科学依据。在东北风沙土区传统耕作模式(CT)、优化集成耕作模式1(ITP1)和优化集成耕作模式2(ITP2)小区内设置~(15)N标记微区框栽,以CT处理为对照,研究ITP1和ITP2耕作模式下玉米产量、氮肥利用率及肥料氮去向。结果表明:2种优化耕作模式玉米籽粒产量显著高于传统耕作模式,分别增产30.10%和15.53%。3种耕作模式氮肥利用率介于27.10%～35.46%,ITP1处理和ITP2处理氮肥利用率分别为35.46%和31.40%,比CT处理分别提高了30.85%和15.87%。与CT处理相比,IPT1处理氮肥残留量增加18.67%,损失量降低45.65%;IPT2处理肥料氮残留量介于IPT1和CT处理之间,差异不显著,IPT2氮肥损失率比CT处理降低24.36%,比IPT1增加39.17%。2种优化集成耕作模式增加玉米产量,提高氮肥利用率,减少氮肥污染,IPT1和IPT2两种优化耕作模式适合东北风沙土地区玉米种植。

Effects of Different Tillage Patterns on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Aeolian Sandy Soil of Northeast China

The effects of integrated tillage pattern on maize yield, utilization efficiency and direction of nitrogen fertilizer in aeolian sandy soil of northeast China were studied, and the relationships between maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under different tillage patterns were discussed, which would provide scientific basis for rational tillage pattern of maize production in this region. In the aeolian sandy soil region, ¹⁵N labelled micro-plots were set up in conventional tillage (CT), integrated tillage pattern 1 (ITP1) and 2 (ITP2) treatment, and CT was taken as contrast treatment. The effects of ITP1 and ITP2 on maize yield, utilization efficiency and direction of nitrogen fertilizer were studied. The results showed that the maize grain yield significantly increased by 30.10% and 15.53% in ITP1 and ITP2 compared with that of CT, respectively. The nitrogen utilization efficiency of three tillage patterns ranged from 27.10% to 35.46%. The nitrogen use efficiency was 35.46% and 31.40% in ITP1 and ITP2, respectively, which was 30.85% and 15.87% higher than that of CT. Compared with CT, the residual nitrogen of ITP1 increased by 18.67%, and the loss rate decreased by 45.65%. The residual nitrogen of ITP2 was lower than that of ITP1, but higher than that of CT, but the difference was not significant. However, the nitrogen loss rate of ITP2 was 24.36% lower than that of CT and 39.17% higher than ITP1. Both of integrated tillage patterns increased maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and decreased nitrogen fertilizer pollution. Thus, IPT1 and IPT2 were potential strategies for increasing maize yield in aeolian sandy soil of northeast China.