提高鸭蛋清洁度的层叠式笼养蛋鸭笼底网的优化设计

为解决层叠式蛋鸭笼养设备在笼养鸭过程中出现鸭蛋表面脏污严重的问题,该文优化设计了蛋鸭笼底网外形尺寸参数。该文建立鸭蛋滚落运动仿真模型,利用二分法确定笼底网坡度合理范围。基于笼底网坡度合理范围,综合考虑笼底网间距、笼底网直径、笼底网质量及最大位移变形,建立笼底网优化数学模型。以有限元软件ANSYS为计算平台,采用三因素四水平相应曲面分析法,并基于最大位移变形响应面对蛋鸭笼底网尺寸参数进行寻优,寻优结果中笼底篦漏孔最大的一组解为最优解。优化结果较优化前,笼底网坡度增大至8.5°,笼底篦漏孔增大29.2%,笼底网最大位移变形量下降18.1%;为进一步检验优化结果可行性,该文利用优化后笼底网进行蛋鸭笼养试验。试验结果显示,蛋鸭笼底网优化后显著提高了鸭蛋清洁度,对毛羽品相、产蛋率及鸭蛋破损率无显著影响。该研究可为禽类笼养设备笼网的研制提供参考。

Optimization design of bottom wire mesh used in cascading cage-rearing laying duck for improving duck egg cleanliness

Laying duck raising and duck egg processing belong to traditional superior animal husbandry in China. Dirty surface of duck eggs will shorten storage time and increase subsequent cleaning cost. The bottom wire mesh is an important part of the furnished cage and is closely related to duck egg cleanliness. Aiming to solve the problem that the surface of duck egg shell is seriously polluted during the process of raising laying duck in the cascading cage-rearing equipment, the authors optimized the dimension parameters of the bottom wire mesh in this paper. Based on the analysis of duck egg movement on the bottom wire mesh, a kinematics simulation mode was developed to determine the appropriate range of the bottom wire mesh slope using dichotomy depending on whether duck eggs roll out of the furnished cage. The steeper the slope, the easier it was for the duck eggs to roll onto the conveyor belt. But if the slope was too large, the duck eggs might collide with the egg on the conveyor belt to cause damage. Meeting the above conditions, the appropriate slope value was chosen. According to the longitudinal spacing in bottom wire mesh, the lateral spacing in bottom wire mesh, the diameter in bottom wire mesh, the total deformation maximum and the mass of the bottom wire mesh, mathematical optimization model of the bottom wire mesh was established. The authors adopted an analysis method of 3 factors and 4 levels corresponding surface, and the dimension parameters of the bottom wire mesh were optimized based on the total deformation maximum response surface. The optimum solution in the results had the maximum area of the leakage hole in the bottom wire mesh. The finite element software ANSYS Workbench was used as the computing platform in this analysis. After optimization, the slope increased to 8.5°, the area of the leakage hole increased by 29.2%, and the total deformation maximum decreased by 18.1%. The area of the leakage hole bears on the cleanliness of the duck egg, the larger the area, the cleaner they were. This was because that duck dropping passed through the hole and fell onto the manure without sticking to the bottom wire mesh to soil the duck egg. Smaller deformation meant better structural stability. To test the feasibility of the optimization result, this research team experimented on cage-rearing laying duck using the bottom wire mesh optimized in a welfare duck farm of Hubei Shendan Healthy Food Company. The experiment included 384 ducks weighting in (1 350±50) g and lasted for a whole month. Ducks were divided into test group and control group living in the same environment. 2 ducks were raised in every cage. The results showed that the bottom wire mesh had a significant positive effect on duck egg cleanliness (P<0.01), and the average cleanliness of duck egg in the test group was 1.21 which was lower than 2.01 in the control group. It''s known that cleanliness had negative correlation with effect. Before and after optimization, the bottom wire mesh had no significant effect on duck feather damage, laying rate and duck egg breakage rate. During the experiment, there was no obvious mass duck leg injuries in the experimental group, and the rate of death and elimination were in a reasonable interval in comparison with the average in the farm. This study solved the problem that the surface of duck egg shell was seriously polluted, and has high practical value. Meanwhile, this research method can provide reference for the development of furnished cage wire for poultry cage-rearing equipment.