甘肃省中东部农户地膜应用及回收现状

为了解甘肃省中东部地区农户地膜应用、回收状况及其主要影响因素,于2019年3月26日—4月1日采用手机问卷方式,在甘肃中东部开展了地膜应用及回收情况调查。结果显示:调查区域主要种植有玉米、小麦、蔬菜和马铃薯等作物覆膜面积占种植面积的73.2%;种植不同作物的调查农户中,99.3%玉米种植户采用覆膜技术,28.5%、77.1%、57.9%和52.1%种植户分别对小麦、蔬菜、马铃薯和其他作物采用覆膜技术;甘肃省中东部地区地膜回收方式主要为人工捡拾,占调查对象的89.3%;回收残膜的农户中47.7%的农户将残膜交给回收网点,28.3%在地头焚烧,13.8%将其堆放田间,7.9%进行填埋处理,还有2.2%采取其他方式处理;调查作物的地膜回收作业率均在80.0%以上,其中蔬菜高达99.3%;按照人工回收作业的地膜离田率为80%和90%分别估算,2018年甘肃省中东部地区地膜回收率达74.2%和83.5%,其中蔬菜上地膜回收情况最好,分别为79.4%和89.4%。目前甘肃省中东部地区地膜回收工作仍存在回收难度大、回收机械化强度不够、回收地膜处置不当,政府支持力度不够等问题。政府和相关部门应加大地膜新国家标准宣传及执行力度,制定相关扶持和奖励机制,提高地膜回收的机械化程度,快速推动农膜回收及资源化利用工作,为合理应用地膜及农膜污染防控提供数据支撑。此外,手机调查地膜应用及回收系统的启用,能快速有效地获得一手数据,为未来全面快速获取中国地膜应用回收的基础数据提供借鉴。

Application and recovery of plastic mulching film by farmers in central and eastern Gansu Province

In order to investigate the application and recovery of plastic mulching film among farmers in central and eastern Gansu Province and its main influencing factors, we used mobile phone to carry out a questionnaire survey from March 26 to April 1, 2019. In the questionnaire, mulching area, recovery method, purchasing ways and et al were required to fill out. A total of 769 valid questionnaires were collected. The included areas were 11 counties (districts) in the central and eastern of Gansu province: Yongdeng, Kangle, Linxia, Heshui, Huachi, Huanxian, Ningxian, Qingcheng, Xifeng, Zhenyuan and Zhengning county. The main contents of the survey included: 1) access to plastic mulching film; 2) planting crops and mulching; 3) plastic mulching film recovery and treatment methods; 4) the rate of recycling mulching film. The results showed that the total planting area was 588 hm2 and the main crops were maize, wheat, vegetables, potatoes, and so on. The mulching area of these crops accounted for 73.2% of planting area. In this survey, 99.3% of farmers adopted film mulching technology for maize, and 28.5%, 77.1%, 57.9% and 52.1% for wheat, vegetables, potatoes and other crops, respectively. In the central and eastern Gansu Province, 89.3% of farmers in this survey recycled mulching film by artificial picking up. Of the farmers who recycled the residual film, 47.7% gave it to the recycling networks, 28.3% burned it in the field, 13.8% piled it up in the field, 7.9% disposed it by landfill, and 2.2% adopted the other methods to treat the residual film. The mulching film recovery rates of the surveyed crops were all above 80.0%, among which the vegetable was up to 99.3%. When the leaving field rate of mulching film was 80% and 90%, the recovery rate of mulching film in vegetables was the best, reached to 79.4% and 89.4% in 2018, respectively. To sum up, there were 4 main problems of plastic mulching film recycling process: 1) the non-standard and non-recyclability of plastic mulching film; 2) backward recovery method and weak degree of mechanization; 3) difficult to dispose after plastic film recovery, and easy to cause secondary pollution; 4) limited government support and low enthusiasm of farmers. The government and relevant departments should strengthen the publicity and implementation of the new national standards of plastic film, improve the mechanization degree of plastic mulching film recycling. Thus, promoting the recycling and resource utilization of agricultural film, and providing data support for the rational application of plastic film and the prevention and control of agricultural film pollution. In addition, mobile phone survey of plastic mulching film application and recycling system can quickly and effectively obtain primary data, and is an effective and rapid acquisition method of basic data of plastic film application recycling in China in the future.