微生物菌剂对张北冷凉坝上地区马铃薯产量、品质及活化土壤磷钾的效果

采用田间小区试验,以溶磷解钾微生物菌剂(功能菌为巨大芽孢杆菌和胶质芽孢杆菌)和冀张薯12紫色马铃薯大西洋3个品种马铃薯为研究对象,探讨了在张北冷凉坝上地区施用微生物菌剂对不同品种马铃薯产量、品质、土壤速效磷钾以及土壤磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明:施用微生物菌剂可以显著增加3个品种马铃薯的产量(P0.05),其中冀张薯12产量增幅最大为24.54%,其他2个品种产量平均增幅仅为6.96%;可以改善马铃薯的品质,尤其是紫色马铃薯,其Vc、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量均显著提高,增幅分别为320.21%,29.40%,7.12%(P0.05)。此外,菌剂施用调控着整个生育期土壤速效磷钾的含量和相关土壤酶活性,种植大西洋和冀张薯12的土壤施用菌剂后速效磷钾含量高于对照且在中后期达到显著水平,同时提高了土壤酸性和碱性磷酸酶的活性,平均增幅为37.52%和32.30%。总之,溶磷解钾微生物菌剂适用于冷凉张北坝上地区马铃薯种植,且对冀张薯12的促生效果最为明显。

Effects of Microbial Inoculant on Potato Yield, Quality and Its Activation of Soil P and K in Zhangbei Area

This field experiment was conducted with different varieties of potato (Atlantic Purple Potato Ji Zhang Potato 12) in Zhangbei area to explore the effects of microbial inoculants with P and K-solubilizing bacteria (MI containing the effective strains of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginous) on potato yield, quality, soil available P, K and soil phosphatase. The results showed that the application of microbial inoculant increased the yields of three varieties of Potato (P<0.05), especially for Ji Zhang Potato 12by 24.54%, while the average increase of yield was only 6.96% for the other two. Moreover, the quality of potatoes was improved, especially for Purple Potato. The contents of Vc, soluble protein and soluble sugar were significantly increased by 320.21%, 29.40% and 7.12%, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, the application of microbial inoculant regulated the contents of available phosphorus and potassium in the soil and the related soil enzymes activities during the whole growth period. The available P and K contents of the soil cultivated with the cultivars of Atlanticand Ji Zhang Potato 12were higher than those of CK, and reached a significant level at the middle and late growing stages. At the same time, the activities of soil acid and alkaline phosphatase were increased, with an average increase of 37.52% and 32.30% respectively. Overall, P and K-solubilizing microbial inoculant is suitable for the growth of potato in Zhangbei area, especially for Ji Zhang Potato 12.