海绵城市建设水平评价与分区域控制策略

[目的]探讨海绵城市建设成效及其关键影响因素,为中国分区域海绵城市建设规划提供理论依据与政策导向。[方法]从水环境安全、水资源利用、水污染治理和水人居建设4个方面构建了海绵城市建设评价指标体系;根据地形地貌、气象气候、发展规模等区域特征,选取具有代表性的海绵城市建设试点——北京市、重庆市和镇江市作为研究区域;通过主成分分析法与灰色模糊综合评价模型定量分析海绵城市建设指数变化趋势,对比分析不同子目标层建设指数的变化及其差异。[结果]2006—2015年研究区域海绵城市建设指数均呈上升趋势,子目标层建设指数中仅北京市及重庆市的水资源利用指数有所下降。[结论]中国海绵城市建设已取得阶段性成效,城市化与海绵城市建设指数变化联系密切。华北地区和华东地区的海绵城市建设还应分别加强对单位面积水库容积、农业污染负荷的管控;基于地形地貌分析,山地城市的海绵城市建设还应加强对节水量及生活废水排放的管控。

Evaluation of Sponged City Construction Level and Regional Governing Strategic Management

[Objective] To explore the effectiveness of sponge city construction and its key driving factors, in order to provide theoretical basis and policy guidance for sponge city construction in different areas in China. [Methods] The evaluation index system of sponge city construction was established from four aspects including water environment safety, the utilization of water resource, water pollution control and water habitat construction. According to the topography, climate and development scale, Beijing, Chongqing and Zhenjiang City were selected as the study areas. The change of sponge city construction and its key influencing factors was quantitatively analyzed by principal component analysis and fuzzy-gray comprehensive evaluation model. [Results] From 2006 to 2015, the index of sponge city construction showed an upward trend. Of all the sub-target layer construction indexes, only the water resources utilization index of Beijing and Chongqing City has decreased. [Conclusion] Chinese sponge city construction has achieved initial success, and urbanization is closely related to the change of sponge city construction index. The construction of sponge city in North China and East China should also strengthen the control of the reservoir volume per unit area and agricultural pollution load; and based on topographic analysis, the construction of sponge city in mountainous cities should also strengthen the control of water saving and domestic wastewater discharge.