面向乡村振兴战略的乡村发展格局及其分区研究

该文综合运用兴趣点、遥感影像等多源数据,基于"生产-生活-生态"(简称"三生")空间功能视角,设计了面向乡村振兴战略的乡村发展评价方法,并以平谷区为例开展乡村发展格局及分区研究。结果表明:平谷区乡村生产、生活、生态功能的空间分布特征,总体符合平谷区生态涵养建设目标及产业发展规律。基于空间的主导功能,将平谷区划分为生产主导、生活主导、生态主导、生活生产复合、生产生态复合、生态生活复合、生产生活生态复合共7类功能区。通过分析发现,平谷区基本呈现"平原区生产功能主导、中心城区及乡镇中心村生活功能主导、山区乡镇生态生活功能主导"的分布特征,其中生产主导功能区和生态生活复合功能区居多,面积占比分别为27.27%和24.38%。建议生产主导功能区积极发展现代化农业及旅游业,促进乡村产业振兴;生活主导功能区适度推进农村公共服务设施建设,促进乡村生态宜居;生态主导功能区坚持生态优先,保障生态空间功能发展;兼具2种以上优势空间功能类型的复合功能区,应结合区域自身及周边乡村的空间特性,宜生产则生产、宜生活则生活、宜生态则生态,优化布局"三生"空间;而复合功能区中"三生"功能均处于劣势的乡村,则需要结合"三生"空间功能发展的迫切程度,合理展开村庄空间规划和重构。研究结果可为乡村振兴战略实施下的乡村发展规划编制和建设实践提供指导。

Rural development pattern and zoning for rural revitalization strategy

Abstract: Based on the functions of production, living and ecological space, a rural development evaluation model was created in this paper for the rural revitalization strategy by using the multi-source data such as remote sensing images, land use status data and POI data. Taking Pinggu District as an example, the development patterns of local villages and regional characteristics were illustrated to provide guidance for rural development and planning under the rural revitalization strategy. The results showed that: (1) Under the influence of topography and industry development, production function of villages in the plain area basically was stronger than that of mountain villages in Pinggu District. However, driven by the emerging industries such as countryside recreation and tourism, some villages in Huangsongyu Town and alongside the Jinhai Lake had obvious advantages in production function. Living function in rural spaces had a similarity in spatial distribution with local economic development level and density of road networks. Unlike the downtown with high quality public services, convenient transportation and pleasant landscape, other units with highly developed living function only had one of these advantages and the living function should be further improved. The spatial pattern of ecological function was basically opposite to that of the production function. The ecological function of the villages in the mountain area was generally stronger than that of villages in the plain area. (2) The district was divided into seven categories functional zones based on the different combination of production, living and ecological function. The spatial distribution of village functions in Pinggu District basically followed the law of "production function playing a dominant role in plains, living function playing a dominant role in downtown and central villages, and ecological function playing a dominant role in mountains". Production-dominated functional zones and ecological-living combined functional zones were in the majority and took up 27.27% and 24.38% areas respectively. Some improvement strategies on how to improve the future priorities were proposed based on characteristics of functional zones to contribute to rural revitalization. It is suggested that production-dominated function zones should actively develop modern agriculture and tourism to promote the revitalization of rural industries; living-dominated function zones should moderately promote the construction of rural public service facilities to make it ecological and suitable for living in rural areas; ecology-dominated function zones should give priority to ecosystem and ensure the exertion of ecological function; those compound functional zones with two or more dominant function types should develop by considering spatial characteristics of itself and the surrounding villages; those function zones where the production, living and ecological functions are all at a disadvantage should reasonably carry out the spatial planning and reconstruction of the village based on the development urgency of the functions of production-living-ecological space.