海水养殖废水浇灌下不同盐生经济植物生理特征及其比较

采用大田试验,研究了无施肥条件下海水浇灌(对照)、1∶1海水养殖废水(1∶1养殖废水处理)、全海水养殖废水(全养殖废水处理)处理以及施肥条件下海水浇灌(施肥处理)对海蓬子和碱蓬植株生长与生理特性的影响。结果表明:1∶1养殖废水处理的植株地上部干重(DW)显著高于对照,但全养殖废水处理植株地上部DW低于对照;施肥处理植株地上部DW明显高于所有对照和其他处理,随着生育期的延长,上述效应愈加明显,尤其体现在碱蓬植株上。与施肥处理相比,两配比养殖废水灌溉抑制了2种植物生长,降低了植株地上部氮磷(NP)含量、叶绿素含量(CHL)含量和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量,并随养殖废水配比上升而降低越显著;相反,2种植物细胞相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量却随着养殖废水配比的上升而升高,碱蓬的上升比海蓬子更为明显。与对照相比,1∶1养殖废水不同程度提高了2种植物DW、CHL含量、植株地上部NP含量、内肽酶、羧肽酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及SP和游离氨基酸(FAA)含量;并且,随着养殖废水配比的上升,2种植物以上各指标却不同程度地下降。综上所述,1∶1养殖废水处理可有效促进2种植物叶绿素合成,提高SOD、POD活性,降低MDA积累量,减少细胞膜受损,进而加快植株生长,增加NP吸收。2种植物相比,碱蓬对海水养殖废水浓度的生理响应较海蓬子敏感。1∶1养殖废水处理可很大程度上替代肥料的施用,从而降低环境污染。

Physiological Characteristics and Comparison of Different Halophytic Economic Plant Under Mariculture Wastewater Irrigation

In the field experiment, Salicornia bigelovii Torr. and Suaeda salsa Linn. were irrigated with seawater irrigation (control), 1:1 mariculture wastewater (1:1 mariculture wastewater treatment), whole mariculture wastewater (whole mariculture wastewater treatment) and normal fertilizer application with seawater (fertilizer treatment), and the plant growth and physiological characteristics were studied. The results showed that (1) Compared with the control, 1:1 mariculture wastewater irrigation increased aboveground dry weights (DW) of two plants, however whole mariculture wastewater irrigation decreased the aboveground dry weights. DW of plants in fertilizer treatment was obviously more than those in the other treatments and control. The above growth effects became more obvious with the extension of plant growth period, especially in S. salsa plants. (2) Compared with fertilizer treatment, mariculture wastewater irrigation decreased growth of the two plants and reduced contents of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), chlorophyll (CHL) and soluble protein (SP) in the plant aboveground parts, and decreased more obviously with the increasing of the ratio of mariculture wastewater. However, the relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the increasing of the proportion of mariculture wastewater, and the increase of S. salsa was more obviously. (3) Treatment of 1:1 mariculture wastewater irrigation increased plant DW and CHL content, NP content of aboveground plant, and increased the activities of antioxidase, endopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as peroxidase (POD) and contents of SP and free amino acid (FAA) in different degrees. Moreover, with the increasing of the proportion of mariculture wastewater, the above indicators of the two plants decreased in various degrees. To sum up, 1:1 mariculture wastewater treatment could effectively promote chlorophyll synthesis in two plants, increase activities of SOD and POD, reduce MDA accumulation, reduce cell membrane damage, accelerate plant growth and increase NP uptake. The physiological response of S. vsalsa to the concentration of mariculture wastewater was more sensitive than that of S. bigelovii. The application of 1:1 aquaculture wastewater could largely replace the application of fertilizers, thereby reducing environmental pollution.