生物炭对不同地下水位番茄需水规律与产量的影响

为解决渍水胁迫这一困扰南方避雨栽培区农业生产的障碍性问题，定量评估施加生物炭对缓解作物渍害的影响，以避雨栽培番茄为对象，借助土柱试验，系统分析不同地下水位及生物炭施加量对作物耗水规律、土壤氧化还原电位及产量的影响。结果表明，地下水位越浅，作物渍害胁迫越严重，导致耗水量越少；施用生物炭后，作物耗水量显著降低，生物炭保水作用随地下水位降低而有所削弱。地下水补给量随地下水埋深变大而减小，相同地下水位条件下，施用生物炭可显著增加地下水利用量。施用生物炭可使土壤氧化还原电位变大，改善土壤通气性能。地下水位在-80cm时，5%生物炭施加量可显著提高番茄产量和水分利用效率，其增幅分别达到38.7%、56.6%，地下水位对番茄产量影响显著，而地下水位和生物炭交互作用对产量及水分利用效率影响均不显著。

Effects of Biochar on Water Requirement Regulation and Yield of Tomato under Different Groundwater Tables

Aiming to solve waterlogging stress, an obstacle that limits agricultural production under rain-shelter cultivation in southern China, and quantitatively evaluate the possible influences of biochar on alleviating damage to crops caused by waterlogging stress, tomato was taken as the experimental object, and the effects of different groundwater tables and biochar application rates on water consumption, soil redox potential and yield were analyzed systematically by soil column experiments. The results showed that the shallower the groundwater table was, the more serious the influence of waterlogging stress on tomato was, leading to less water consumption. The total water requirement was significantly reduced with biochar application. However, the soil water kept by biochar was weakened with the decrease of groundwater table. The groundwater recharge was decreased with the increase of groundwater depth. Under the same groundwater table, the application of biochar could significantly increase the contribution of groundwater to water consumption. Biochar application could increase the soil redox potential and improve the ventilation performance of soil. When the groundwater table was -80cm, 5% biochar addition could significantly improve tomato yield and water use efficiency, with an increase of 38.7% and 56.6%, respectively. Groundwater table significantly affected tomato yield, but the interaction of groundwater table and biochar had no significant effect on yield and water use efficiency.