主要经济大洋性鱿鱼资源渔场生产性调查与渔业概况

大洋性鱿鱼是重要的海洋生物资源,资源丰富开发潜力大。我国远洋鱿钓渔业始于1989年,经过近30年的发展,远洋鱿钓渔业已经成为我国远洋渔业的重要组成,我国已经成为世界规模和产量最大的国家。在近30年的发展过程中,通过产学研合作,持续对三大洋的大洋性鱿鱼资源进行生产性调查,一批新资源、被不断开发和利用,并得到商业化捕捞。根据2003—2017年我国鱿钓船对三大洋公海大洋性鱿鱼资源调查所收集的资料,对其基础生物学、资源渔场分布及其与水温等因子的关系进行分析,以便初步了解重要经济鱿鱼资源特性。研究概述我国远洋鱿钓渔业发展状况,并提出可持续开发世界大洋性鱿鱼资源的对策与建议。研究认为,通过对印度洋、太平洋和大西洋三大洋7个渔场的大洋性鱿鱼资源进行生产性调查,在国际上首次发现了4个鱿鱼新渔场,新增作业海域超过1×10~7 km~2,估计新增渔场的资源蕴藏量在500万t以上,初步掌握了渔获个体大小等基础生物学特性、资源丰度空间分布及其与海表面温度的关系,发现不同作业渔场的渔获个体差异明显,渔场形成的适宜海表面温度有较大差异。研究建议,为了可持续开发和利用鱿鱼资源,建议开展系统科学的渔业资源国际合作调查,开展基于硬组织的大洋性鱿鱼年龄与生长、群体结构、生活史过程、洄游分布、高精度的渔情预报以及大洋性鱿鱼资源评估与管理策略研究。

Productive survey and fishery for major pelagic economic squid in the world

Oceanic squid is an important marine living resource and has great potential for exploitation. Chinese oceanic squid fishery began in 1989. After nearly 30 years of development, Chinese oceanic squid fishery has become an important component of distant-water fishery and has become the largest in the world. In the course of development in the past 30 years, through the cooperation of fisheries industry, education and research units, the oceanic squid resources have been continuously investigated by using fishing vessles in the three oceans, and some new squid resources have been continuously developed and utilized commercialy. Therefore, based on the data collected by Chinese squid fishing vessel from 2003 to 2017, the paper analyzes the basic biology, resource distribution of squid and its relationship with water temperature, and summarizes the development of squid jigging fishery in China. The countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development of oceanic squid resources in the world are put forward. The study indicated that through a productive survey of seven oceanic squid resources in the three oceans, including the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, four new squid fishing grounds have been discovered for the first time in the world, and more than 10 million square kilometers of new fishing areas have been added. It is estimated that the resources of the new oceanic squid are more than 5 million tons. However, due to the limited time available for investigation and the limited knowledge of the newly developed squid life history process, it is recommended that a systematic and scientific international cooperative survey, including age and growth, population structure and life history processes, and migratory distribution based on hard tissue of oceanic squid should be carried out. The research on high-precision fisheries forecasting, and assessment and management strategy of oceanic squid resources should be also developed, which will help to realize rational exploitation and utilization of oceanic squid resources in the world.