微生物菌肥对干旱矿区土壤的改良效果

为了提高干旱矿区土壤肥力,丰富植被重建及生态修复理论,通过盆栽试验,种植紫花苜蓿、披碱草和冰草3种干旱矿区常见草本植物,并结合施用不同浓度的微生物菌肥处理,利用双因素方差分析揭示施肥水平和植物种类对土壤生物及理化性质的影响,采用因子分析和聚类分析进行综合评价,以筛选土壤改良效果的最佳组合。结果表明:(1)试验组较对照组土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物总数量、微生物量碳、氮、有机质和速效氮磷钾均显著增加(p0.05),而微生物量碳氮比和pH显著减小(p0.05)。(2)施肥水平和植物种类对细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物总量、微生物量氮和碳氮比有显著交互作用。(3)因子分析和聚类分析的结果基本一致,土壤改良效果最佳的为种植紫花苜蓿并施入20 g/kg的微生物菌肥;施用微生物菌肥能有效改良水肥贫瘠的干旱矿区土壤,随着微生物菌肥施用量的增加,土壤的改良效果逐步提升。

Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Soil Amelioration in Arid Mining Area

In order to improve the soil fertility in arid mining area and enrich the theory of vegetation reconstruction and ecological restoration, through the potted experiment, three common herbaceous species (Medicago sativa, Elymus dahuricus Turcz and Agropyron cristatum) in dry ore fields were planted. Combined with different concentrations of microbial fertilizer treatments, two-factor variance analysis was used to reveal the effects of fertilization levels and plant species on soil biological, physical and chemical properties, and cluster and factor analysis were used to screen the best combination of plant species and fertilization level in soil improvement. The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control group, the soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, total microbial quantity, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the test group increased significantly (p<0.05), while the microbial biomass carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and pH decreased significantly (p<0.05). (2) Plant types and fertilization levels had significant interactions on some indicators, including bacterial quantity, fungi quantity, actinomyces quantity, total microbial quantity, microbial biomass nitrogen, the microbial biomass carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. (3) The results of factor analysis and cluster analysis were basically consistent. The best treatment for soil improvement in the arid mining area was planting M. sativa and applying 20 g/kg microbial fertilizer. The application of microbial fertilizer could effectively improve soils that was poor in moisture fertility in dry mining area. With the increasing of microbial fertilizer application amount, the effect of soil improvement was better.