不同消毒剂对甘蓝根肿病菌休眠孢子和黑斑病菌分生孢子活性的影响

开展了70%酒精、50%酒精、35%酒精、Meliseptol和Soft-man 5种消毒剂或化学试剂对甘蓝根肿病和黑斑病病原菌的灭菌效果的研究，以蒸馏水为对照。用休眠孢子死亡率和分生孢子萌发率分别衡量根肿病和黑斑病病原菌的活性。结果表明5种试剂对两种病原菌的处理效果与对照存在显著差异，根肿病菌休眠孢子的死亡率从高到低顺序排列分别为Meliseptol（94.3%）>Softa-man（91.3%）>70%酒精（65.2%）>35%酒精（53.3%）>50%酒精（50.5%）>蒸馏水（对照）（26.6%），对休眠孢子的致死率以Meliseptol和Softa-man最高，其次是70%酒精，35%酒精和50%酒精相对较低；黑斑病菌分生孢子萌发率从高到低顺序依次为蒸馏水（对照）（28.3%）>35%酒精（22.8%）>50%酒精（22.2%）>70%酒精（9.9%）>Softa-man（7.6%）>Meliseptol（0.7%），可以看出Meliseptol、Softa-man和70%酒精对黑斑病菌分生孢子致死程度较高，35%酒精和50%酒精相对较低。说明Meliseptol和Softa-man对两种病原菌具有很强的灭菌效果，是理想的消毒剂；70%酒精也具有较强的灭菌能力，但不彻底；50%酒精和35%酒精则基本不能作为消毒剂使用。

Studies on the Influence of Some Chemicals on the Vitality of Resting Spores of Plasmodiophora brassica as well as Conidia of Alternaria brassicicola

To study the effect of commercially used disinfectants on resting spores of club root and conidia of Alternaria, five chemicals including 70% alcohol, 50% alcohol, 35% alcohol, Meliseptol and Soft-man were respectively sprayed on the spore and conidia suspension of Plasmodiophora brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Distilled water was used as a control. As parameters of resting spore and conidia viability, the proportion of dead spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae and germinated conidia of Alternaria brassicicola were used. As a result, all of the five chemicals had remarkable effect on both pathogens comparing with the control. By averaging the proportion of dead spores of each treatment, the increasing sequence ranged as control(26.6%)<50% alcohol (50.5%)<35% alcohol(53.3%)<70% alcohol (65.2%)< Softa-man(91.3%)< Meliseptol(94.3%). Whereas, by averaging the proportion of germinated conidia of each treatment, the decreasing sequence ranged as control(28.3%)(35% alcohol (22.8%)(50% alcohol(22.2%)(70% alcohol (9.9%)(Softa-man(7.6%)(Meliseptol(0.7%).The result suggested that both commercially disinfectants Meliseptol and Softa-man nearly fully destroy the sprore or conidia of pathogen, and 70% alcohol could destroy most of the pathogen, while 50% alcohol and 35% alcohol nearly could not destroy the pathogen.