豌豆铁蛋白(pea ferritin)转基因水稻纯系重要生物学特性变异研究

选取已连续7代自交纯化，并结合GUS标记辅助选择，所获得的26份独立豌豆铁蛋白（pea ferritin, Fer）转基因水稻纯系，以秀水11为CK，就外源基因（Fer）导入可能产生对稻米Fe含量、重要农艺性状、稻米品质性状、植株耐逆性状的影响进行研究。结果表明：转基因纯系的精米平均总铁含量为10.37ug/g，仅有4份（即Fer34、Fer 36、Fer 39、Fer 65）显著高于CK（6.46ug/g），其余22份与CK无显著差异；主要农艺性状上，除单株穗数和剑叶长等2个性状的所有纯系与CK无显者差异外，播抽天数、株高、主穗长、主穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等7个性状均有少量纯系与CK存在显著差异，表明外源基因的导入可能对纯系有关农艺性状存在影响，但尚未发现经济性状显著变劣的纯系；稻米品质性状上，所有纯系的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、米粒长、米粒宽、米粒长/宽比等6个性状均与CK相仿，而在垩白粒率、垩白度、碱消值、胶稠度和直链淀粉性状等5个性状方面，有部分纯系发生了显著变异，其变化缺乏明显的规律性；耐逆性状方面，转基因纯系间的耐冷、热害程度变异，与稻米铁含量变化并无显著相关性，但转基因纯系间对稻瘟病、白叶枯病和褐稻虱抗（耐）性有随着稻米铁含量增加而减轻危害的趋势。本文还就有关转基因纯系重要生物学性状变异可能产生原因和外源基因作用等问题进行了讨论。

Studies on the Biological Characteristics Variation of Purified Transgenic (Fer) Rice

After seven generations of self-crossing assisted by GUS detection, 26 homozygous transgenic rice lines were obtained. The effects of the transgene on the iron content, agronomic traits, rice quality and stress tolerance were studied taking Xiushui 11 as the control. The results indicated that the average iron contents of the transgenic rice in the milled grain was 10.37 ug/g, among all the homozygous lines, there are only four lines (Fer34, Fer36, Fer39 and Fer65) whose iron contents were significantly higher than that of the control rice (6.46ug/g); And significant differences in main agronomic traits such as days from sowing to heading, plant height, main panicle Length, total grains of main panicle, seed setting rate, 1000 -grain –weight, yield per plant were found among a few of homozygous lines, except flag leaf length and number of panicles per plant. It showed that inserting foreign gene（Fer）had a slight impact on the main agronomic traits, but the transgene had no negative effects. The homozygous rice lines quality such as the rate of brown rice, milled rice, full milled rice, grain length, grain width, and width ratio were all similar to the control, whereas, variations occurred in chalkiness, translucency, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, amylose content among partial homozygous lines, and did not show obvious regularity. The damage of the homozygous lines treated with low and high temperatures were not significantly correlated with the Fe contents, and the resistance to rice blast, bacterial blight and brown planthopper were enhanced with the advanced of Fe content. Furthermore, the possible causes of the biological characteristics variation among transgenic rice and the effects of foreign gene were discussed.