干旱区绿洲农业生态经济系统的结构和功能分析 --以塔里木河上游的阿克苏地区为例

在分析农业生态系统的资源结构、种群结构、产业结构和空间结构的基础上，对塔里木河上游阿克苏地区的典型绿洲农业生态经济系统进行了能流、物流和价值流的分析。结果显示，在能流方面，该区农田生态系统的能量产出水平和效率都处于较低水平；在物流方面，农田肥料投入单一，主要以化肥为主，并且化肥使用量已超出最适施肥量范围，已造成土壤养分严重失衡；在价值流方面，农业生态经济系统价值流产投比不高，处于单纯的农作物生产阶段。分析表明造成该区农业生态经济系统功能低下的主要原因是产业结构不合理、种植业比重过大、生产力水平低、资金缺乏等因索。因此调整和优化产业结构。提高农业生态系统的经济效益势在必行。

Structure and Function of Agriculture Eco-economy System in Arid Area Oasis--Take Aksu Area at Upper Reaches of Tarim River for Example

Based on analyzing the resources structure, agricultural species structure, industrial structure and spatial structure of agricultural ecosystem, this paper studies the energy flow , material flow and capital in representative oasis Agriculture Eco-Economy System in the upper reaches of Xinjiang Tarim River .The results reveal the following facts in the Aksu Area. As to the energy flow, the energy production in cropland ecologic system is low-level and inefficient. As for the material flow, the structure of manure used is not diverse, fertilizer is the main manure. What's more, the fertilizer used is beyond the endure limit to soil, which results to the unbalance of soil nutrient. For the capital flow, the ratio of input-output is not high in Agriculture Eco-Economy System, which means that agriculture production is still in the phase of farm crops production in the Aksu Area. There are many reasons to cause the Agriculture Eco-Economy System lower function, such as the reasonless of industry structure, excessive proportion of crop production, the lowness of productivity level, the lack of the capital and so on. As a result, optimization of industrial structure and increase of economic benefits are imperative under the situation.