灌区农业灌溉节水潜力估算理论与方法

为了估算农业灌溉的节水潜力，提出了基于灌区尺度的农业节水潜力估算理论和方法，将不同节水措施实现的灌溉节水量分为“毛节水量”和“净节水量”，用于区分目前关于“工程节水量”和“真实节水量”的争论。毛节水量指由于提高灌溉效率，降低渗漏损失和田间蒸发等而少引的灌溉水量。净节水量指采取节水措施后减少的无效消耗水量和无效流失水量之和。案例分析在徒骇马颊河流域现有节水灌溉工程措施基础上分别估算了节水灌溉率提高20%和40%两种场景的节水量。估算结果表明，节水灌溉工程措施的节水潜力很大，但主要是毛节水量，即减少了从水源取用的水量，而净节水量的节水潜力不大。这是由于大多数工程措施的主要作用是提高灌溉水的利用系数，减少渗漏损失，而减少的耗水量相对比较小。

Estimating theory and method of irrigation water-saving potential based on irrigation district scale

In order to estimate irrigation water-saving potential,this paper proposed a new theory and method based on irrigation district scale. According to this theory,the conception of gross water-saving and net water-saving were introduced to avoid the argument of opinions between engineering-type water-saving and real water-saving. Furthermore,the assessment indicators of irrigation water-saving was conducted and the calculating model of water-saving potential was proposed. To verify this theory and method,a cas...