Emissions of ammonia,nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from urban gardens in Niamey,Niger |
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| Authors: | Martina Predotova Jens Gebauer Rodrigue VC Diogo Eva Schlecht Andreas Buerkert |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Kassel, Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Witzenhausen, Germany;2. University of Kassel and University of Göttingen, Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Witzenhausen, Germany;1. Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;2. Embu University College, P.O Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya;3. K.U. Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E - Box 2411, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;2. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;3. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil;3. Nuclear and Energy Research Institute - IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;4. National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Brazil;1. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah Univeristy of Science and Technology, Kumasi, South Ghana;2. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 12404, Niamey, Niger;3. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria |
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| Abstract: | Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) contributes significantly to meet increasing food demands of the rapidly growing urban population in West Africa. The intensive vegetable cultivation in UPA gardens with its high nutrient inputs is often reported to operate at large surpluses of nutrients and presumably high turnover rates of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) losses via emanation and leaching. Many of these claims are lacking solid data which would allow suggesting mitigation strategies. Therefore, this study aimed at quantifying gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in three representative urban gardens of Niamey, Niger using a closed chamber gas monitoring system. Mean annual N emissions (NH3-N and N2O-N) in two gardens using river water for irrigation reached 53 and 48 kg N ha?1 yr?1, respectively, while 25 and 20 Mg C ha?1 yr?1 was lost as CO2-C. In the garden irrigated with sewage water from the city's main wadi, N2O was the main contributor to N losses (68%) which together with NH3 reached 92 kg N ha?1 yr?1, while CO2-C emissions amounted to 26 Mg ha?1 yr?1. Our data indicate that 28% of the total gaseous C emissions and 30–40% of the N emissions occur during the hot dry season from March to May and another 20–25% and 10–20% during the early rainy season from June to July. Especially during these periods more effective nutrient management strategies in UPA vegetable gardens should be applied to increase the nutrient use efficiency in UPA vegetable gardens. |
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