Can intensive management accelerate the restoration of Brazil's Atlantic forests? |
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| Authors: | Otávio Camargo Campoe José Luiz Stape João Carlos Teixeira Mendes |
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| Institution: | 1. University of São Paulo, Department of Forest Sciences, Piracicaba, SP 13418-970, Brazil;2. North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695-8008, USA;1. USP, Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;2. Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil;5. Klabin, Telêmaco Borba, PR, Brazil;6. CIRAD, UMR 111, Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie des Sols & Agro-écosystèmes, F-34060 Montpellier, France;7. USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, IAG, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil;8. Université de Lorraine, UMR INRA-UL 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Faculté des Sciences, Vandoeuvret-les-Nancy, France;1. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;1. Department of Forest, Soils and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Agronomy, Rondônia Federal Institute, 76993-000 Colorado do Oeste, RO, Brazil;3. Suzano SA Company, 41810-012 Limeira, SP, Brazil;4. Federal University of Lavras – UFLA, 37.200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil;5. Department of Forest Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco – UFRPE, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil;1. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Centro de Pesquisas Ambientais do Nordeste (CEPAN), Rua Dom Pedro Henrique 167, Santo Amaro, 50050-150 Recife PE, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Silvicultura Tropical (LASTROP), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, ESALQ – Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias,11, P.O. Box 9, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica, Rua do Horto, 931, 02377-000 São Paulo, Brazil;5. Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, ESALQ – Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias,11, P.O. Box 9, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;6. Center of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology (C.N.R.S. – UMR 5175), Montpellier, France;7. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA |
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| Abstract: | Only 7% of the once extensive forest along the eastern coast of Brazil remains, and much of that is degraded and threatened by agricultural expansion and urbanization. We wondered if methods similar to those developed to establish fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations might also work to enhance survival and growth of rainforest species on degraded pastures composed of highly competitive C4 grasses. An 8-factor experiment was laid out to contrast the value of different intensities of cultivation, application of fertilizer and weed control on the growth and survival of a mixture of 20 rainforest species planted at two densities: 3 m × 1 m, and 3 m × 2 m. Intensive management increased seedling survival from 90% to 98%, stemwood production and leaf area index (LAI) by ～4-fold, and stemwood production per unit of light absorbed by 30%. Annual growth in stem biomass was closely related to LAI alone (r2 = 0.93, p < 0.0001), and the regression improved further in combination with canopy nitrogen content (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.0001). Intensive management resulted in a nearly closed forest canopy in less than 4 years, and offers a practical means to establish functional forests on abandoned agricultural land. |
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