省级海洋突发性事件应急预案的层级选择

最近海洋灾害及海洋事故灾难频发，威胁越来越大，引起国家和沿海地方人民政府对海洋突发性事件应急处置的重视，不断编制和完善地方相关预案。以上海为例研究省级海洋突发性事件应急预案编制中存在的层级定位问题。考查国家与相关沿海省（市、自治区）的实践，分析结果认为，没有明确的标准来指导选择专项应急预案或部门应急预案。地方人民政府根据其行政区域内不同突发事件的频次与危害程度选择应急预案的层级。一般采用省级部门应急预案的形式，将不同类型分开进行编制；但当预期的危害程度增大时，选择专项应急预案的可能性则较大。

Determination of the hierarchies for provincial contingency plans of marine emergency affairs

Recently marine disasters and marine accidents have happened very frequently, bringing about great threats, which attracted great attentions of central and coastal governments on marine emergency affairs and it is necessary to formulate and update relevant local contingency plans. This paper takes Shanghai as the subject to study the determination of the hierarchies for provincial contingency plans of marine emergency affairs. Taking into account of practice by relevant coastal provinces, a conclusion can be drawn that no specific standards or guidelines for choice between sectoral contingency plans and special contingency plans. Nevertheless, local governments tend to determine the hierarchies for the plans in terms of the frequency and the threat of marine emergency affairs they faced or are facing. Most provincial governments adopt sectoral contingency plans for marine emergency affairs and formulate separate plans for different kinds of emergency affairs. When potential threats are increasing, it is, however, likely to upgrade or adopt the plans to special contingency plans.