喷施参数对四旋翼植保无人机雾滴在橡胶林中分布的影响

雾滴分布特征影响作物上喷雾的施药效果,而喷施参数是影响植保无人机雾滴分布特性的重要因素之一。为了揭示施药量和雾滴粒径等喷施参数对电动四旋翼植保无人机雾滴在高大乔木橡胶树林段中分布的影响,以成龄‘热研7-20-59’胶林为试验地,分别设置18.75、37.50、75.00、90.00、105.00 L/hm²施药量,70、100、150、250 μm雾滴粒径,采用5点采样法在6个高度上测量水平方向及垂直方向的雾滴谱宽度、雾滴覆盖密度、雾滴分布均匀度等主要作业质量技术指标数据,结合橡胶树白粉病的防治效果,筛选四旋翼无人机的最佳喷施参数。结果表明,随施药量的增加,雾滴谱宽度呈下降趋势,雾滴覆盖密度显著增加;施药量在75 L/hm²及以上时满足最低施药雾滴覆盖密度的要求。随着雾滴粒径的增加,雾滴谱宽度呈上升趋势,雾滴覆盖密度无显著差异,雾滴粒径100 μm的水平分布均匀度最优。不同施药量和雾滴粒径的雾滴在橡胶林垂直方向的分布均匀度一致,穿透性良好。本研究筛选出施药量75 L/hm²和喷雾粒径100 μm的最佳喷施参数,在橡胶树白粉病最佳防治时期使用咪鲜胺（EW）和戊唑醇（SC）复配药剂进行田间飞防试验,效果优异,2块试验地的防效分别为65.7%和82.9%。本研究提供了一组橡胶树白粉病防治的四旋翼无人机施药参数,为植保无人机在橡胶林病虫害防治作业中提供参考。

Effects of Spraying Parameters of Four-rotor Plant Protection UAV on Droplets Distribution in Rubber Plantations

Droplet distribution characteristics affect the effectiveness of spray on crops, and spraying parameters are one of the important factors affecting the droplet distribution characteristics of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of spraying parameters such as dosage and droplet size on droplet distribution of electric quadrotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles in tall trees such as rubber forest. The target of this study was the mature rubber plantation of ‘Reyan 7-20-59’. The dosage of 18.75, 37.50, 75.00, 90.00, 105.00 L/hm² and particle sizes of 70, 100, 150, 250 μm were set respectively. The main operational quality technical index data include droplet spectrum width, droplet coverage density and droplet distribution uniformity in horizontal and vertical directions. The data of main operation quality technical indexes were collected by water sensitive paper at six heights using the five-point sampling method. The optimal spraying parameters of the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles were selected and the field flight test was carried out in the optimal control period of powdery mildew. The results showed that the droplet spectrum width decreased with the increase of dosage, and the droplet coverage density increased significantly. When the dosage was 75 L/hm² and above, the minimum droplet coverage density requirement was met. With the increase of droplet size, the droplet spectrum width of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles showed an increasing trend, and the droplet coverage density had no significant difference. The horizontal distribution uniformity of droplet size 100 μm was the best. The distribution uniformity of fog droplets produced by quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles with different dosage and droplet size was consistent in the vertical direction of rubber forest, and the penetration of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles was good in rubber forest. In this study, the optimal spraying parameters of 75 L/hm² and 100 μm spray particle size of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles were selected in rubber forest. In the optimal control period of rubber tree powdery mildew, prochloraz (EW) and tebuconazole (SC) agent were used for field flight control test, and the average control effect was 65.7% and 82.9%. This study would provide a group of application parameters of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles for the control of powdery mildew of rubber trees, which could provide reference for the operation of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles for the control of pests and diseases in rubber forest.