不同健康状态咖啡根际环境特征比较研究

咖啡是世界三大饮料之一,具有广泛的营养价值、经济价值和药用价值.咖啡产业已成为我国热带经济作物优势产业之一.咖啡是多年生经济作物,随着其种植年限的增加,老咖啡园更新换代的时候,咖啡产生了严重的再植病,已成为影响咖农增收,制约产业可持续发展的严重问题,亟待解决.为揭示咖啡再植病产生机理,本研究分别在澄迈、琼海和万宁选择代...

Comparative Study on Characteristics of Coffee Rhizosphere Environment in Different Health States

Coffee is one of the three major beverages in the world, which has a wide range of nutritional, economic and medicinal value. Coffee industry has become one of the advantageous industries of cash crops in hot areas in China. Coffee is a perennial crop. With the increase of planting years and the renewal of old coffee plantations, coffee has produced serious replantation diseases, which has become a serious problem affecting the income increase of coffee farmers and restricting the sustainable development of industry. So it needs to be solved urgently. In order to reveal the mechanism of coffee replantation diseases, the healthy and diseased coffee rhizosphere soils were collected from the representative coffee plantations in Chengmai, Qionghai and Wanning, respectively, and CK was collected from adjacent areas. The main physical and chemical indexes, enzyme activity, and the quantity and metabolic characteristics of culturable microorganisms were determined. In the three areas, pH of the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants was significantly lower than that of CK (P<0.01), and the contents of total potassium, available potassium and total nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants were lower than those of healthy plants, and the difference of total nitrogen between healthy and diseased plants was significant in Chengmai (P<0.05); the content of rhizosphere soil of diseased plants alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in the three regions was significantly higher than that of healthy plants (P<0.05), and the contents of the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants available phosphorus and organic matter in Qionghai were significantly higher than those of healthyplants (P<0.05). The activity of CAT, POD, cellulase and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was higher than that of healthy plants, while urease activity was on the contrary. The number and metabolic activity of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of diseased plants were lower than those in healthy coffee plants, and the microbial diversity decreased. Correlation analysis showed that in Wanning, urease activity was significantly positively correlated with culturable bacteria and actinomycetes, in Chengmai and Qionghai POD activity was significantly positively correlated with culturable bacteria, and in the three areas cellulase activity was significantly positively correlated with culturable fungi. In conclusion, the rhizosphere soil of diseased coffee plants appeared acidification, nutrient imbalance and decreased microbial diversity, and the occurrence of coffee replantation diseases was closely related to the rhizosphere environmental disaster. The conclusion of this study would provide a theoretical basis for overcoming coffee replantation diseases.