小麦营养和健康品质研究进展

作物营养和健康品质改良正在成为世界主要作物的重要研究方向和育种目标。文中围绕铁和锌、抗性淀粉和阿拉伯木聚糖、酚酸和植物固醇,从微量营养元素、功能性膳食纤维、膳食纤维、植物生物活性物质4个方面对小麦籽粒的营养品质研究进行评述,兼顾面筋过敏和赤霉菌毒素对人体健康的影响,概括与育种工作密切相关的分析测定方法、种质资源筛选、基因定位与育种研究进展。提出国内营养和健康品质研究的重点领域,建议加强四方面的工作,(1)优先进行与人体健康密切相关的铁、锌及其生物有效性影响因子植酸含量和植酸酶活性等微量营养元素、阿拉伯木聚糖和抗性淀粉等膳食纤维、酚酸和植物固醇等植物生物活性物质含量的分析,开展大规模营养元素普查工作,筛选营养价值高的育种亲本和材料;(2)加强抗赤霉病相关研究,并将其结果尽快用于育种;(3)通过关联和连锁分析开展基因定位和克隆,发掘基因功能标记或紧密连锁的分子标记,通过与常规育种紧密结合,推动生物技术育种实用化,加快品种选育进程,提高品质育种效率;(4)通过加强国际合作与国内协作,建立小麦品质研究协作网,推广普及现有实用技术并研究新型营养品质快速检测技术。

Progress in Research on Genetic Improvement of Nutrition and Health Qualities in Wheat

The role of nutrition and health has become one of the main targets of research and breeding for major crops in the world. The research progress on micronutrients involving iron and zinc, resistant starch, dietary fibre as arabinoxylans, and a range of phytochemicals involving phenolic acids and sterols related to wheat quality, as well as wheat sensitivity and fusarium head blight related deoxynivalenol that have an impact on human health was reviewed from breeding point of view. Laboratory evaluation methods, germplasm screening, and QTL mapping on nutrition quality parameters as well as breeding, were summarized. China’s major strategies on wheat breeding program for nutrition and health improvement were proposed, with the following four areas being advanced: (1) analysis of the contents of micronutrients involving iron, zinc, as well as the bioavailability related factors phytate content and phytase activity, dietary fibres such as arabinoxylans and resistant starch, and phytochemicals involving phenolic acid and sterols should be strengthened, to screen materials with high quality of micronutrients, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals; (2) more efforts should be made in study on fusarium head blight and the results of study should be used in wheat breeding as early as possible; (3) development and utilization of molecular markers, especially functional markers in conventional breeding programs for speeding up wheat breeding, on the basis of gene mapping and cloning; (4) establishment of initiative project through strengthening international cooperation and domestic collaboration in research on addressing wheat quality, to find and extend the utilization of high quality methods on nutrients analyzation. The review addressed some crucial information on wheat related research and breeding programs for nutrition and health quality improvement.