栽培措施及其互作对北方春玉米产量及耐密性的调控作用

【目的】探明不同栽培措施及其交互对北方春玉米产量和耐密性的调控效应及其对产量的贡献率。【方法】2013—2014年以密植高产玉米品种中单909为试验材料,设置45 000、60 000、75 000、90 000和105 000株/hm~2 5个种植密度,栽培措施采用深松(S)、宽窄行种植(W)以及化控(C)处理,通过裂裂区设计形成不同的栽培模式。以产量为基础分别对不同措施组合进行通径分析、因子回归及交互效应比较分析,并结合气象数据对不同措施下的资源效率因子进行逐步回归分析。【结果】综合模式中化控处理(C)对产量具有显著的直接作用(贡献率27%—41%),这种作用在于仅靠化控处理即可增密1.17万株/hm~2;宽窄行(W)对产量的调控作用在不同组合间存在明显差异,而深松(S)对产量的调控则以间接作用为主(贡献率24%—37%),但深松与宽窄行组合较常规(RU)产量增加11.28%。密植条件下多项措施互作产量增益显著高于双项措施和单项措施,相较于常规模式(RU),正常年份(2013年)多项、双项及单项措施的增幅分别为31.27%、15.57%和7.96%,少雨年份(2014)增幅分别为15.02%、11.32%和5.65%,其产量的增加主要是由于群体耐密性的提高以及光能利用效率(RUE)、积温效率(GUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)的同步调控,最终实现了综合措施下的玉米高产高效。【结论】多项措施互作模式(SWC)玉米的产量增益最大,较传统模式最佳密度增加6.27万株/hm~2,实现产量增益11.91%,这主要归因于栽培措施及其互作对玉米群体耐密性的优化以及密植群体资源效率的调控作用。

Effect of Cultivation Measures and Their Interactions on Grain Yield and Density Resistance of Spring Maize

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulating effect of cultivation measures and their interactions on grain yield and density resistance of spring maize hybrids, and its contribution to increase of grain yield.【Method】Maize cultivar “Zhongdan 909” was used as experimental materials in 2013 and 2014, which exhibited high yield in the high plant population. From 45 000 plants/hm² to 10 5000 plants/hm², five plant population treatments were designed. Subsoiling (S), wide-narrow planting (W) and chemical regulator (C) as cultivation measures, and composed different cultivation modes by split-split-plot design. Path analysis, factor regression and ANOVA analysis of different cultivation modes based on the yield, and using stepwise regression to analyze the efficiency of resource utilization factors under different cultivation modes, combined with the meteorological data. 【Result】The chemical regulator (C) had a significantly positive effect on yield in the integrated measures mode (contribution rate, 27%-41%), which the effect rests with the plant density increasing by 11 700 plants/hm² under only chemical regulator treatment; wide-narrow planting (W) showed obvious different effects among the treatments. However, the effect of subsoiling (S) on yield displayed priority to indirect effect (contribution rate, 24%-37%), nevertheless, subsoiling plus wide-narrow planting compared with tradition mode (RU) could increase yield by 11.28%. The yield improvement of multiple measures interaction was much higher than those of double measures interaction and a single measure. Compared with traditional mode, multiple measures, double measures and a single measure increased yield by 31.27%, 15.57% and 7.96%, respectively, in a normal year (2013); and increase yield by 15.02%, 11.32% and 5.65%, respectively, in a drought year (2014). The yield increasing was mainly due to the increased population density, and coordinated regulation among radiation use efficiency (RUE), growth degree days use efficiency (GUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity, then achieved the high yield and high efficiency under integrated measures. 【Conclusion】The yield improvement of multiple measure interaction mode (SWC) was the highest, compared to the traditional mode, the multiple measures could increase plant density by 62 700 plants/hm² and obtain yield improvement by 11.91%, which the improvement was mainly attributed to the optimized population density under multiple measures interaction and regulating effect from integrated measures on resources utilization efficiency of intensive spring maize.