DTA-6和S3307对大豆存留荚和脱落荚生理调控的效应

【目的】在半干旱地区，研究植物生长促进型和延缓型调节剂作用下，大豆花荚发育过程中存留和脱落荚生理效应差别，探讨调节剂减少大豆脱落作用的生理效应，为提高大豆产量寻找途径。【方法】试验于2012-2013年在黑龙江省大庆市林甸县，始花期（R1）对3个大豆品种绥农28（SN28）、垦丰16(KF16)、合丰50（HF50）分别叶面喷施调节剂2-N、N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯（diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate，DTA-6）和烯效唑（uniconazole，S3307），喷施清水作为对照（CK）。从喷药后第35天（R5）开始第1次取样，每隔7 d取样1次。采集存留和脱落的花荚，并将荚皮与籽粒分开，液氮速冻30 min，取出置于低温冰柜中（-40℃），待全部样品收集完毕，统一测定。比较研究各处理中存留和脱落荚中氧自由基代谢、相关脱落酶、可溶性物质等生理指标的调控效应。【结果】（1）随着荚发育进程，脱落荚中丙二醛（methane dicarboxylic aldehyde，MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于存留荚，脱落纤维素酶（abscission cellulose，AC）、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（polygalacturonase，PG）活性显著低于存留荚。（2）DTA-6和S3307都能够调控大豆存留荚和脱落荚生理，二者过程不同，结果相似。二者调控效应表现为：总体上降低了存留荚MDA含量，提高了SOD、POD活性，效果S3307优于DTA-6，在绥农28和垦丰16鼓粒中早期，合丰50鼓粒后期阶段性的降低了存留荚AC活性、PG活性。存留荚和脱落荚生理差别随着荚的生育进程，随之变化，不同荚生育时期，差异幅度不同。存留荚和脱落荚生理指标的差异也受品种内在遗传因素影响。【结论】脱落后的荚生理指标状态与存留荚相比表现为质膜过氧化作用增强，保护酶系统的平衡被破坏，可溶性物质增加，脱落酶活性降低可能受脱落过程环境影响较大。脱落荚和存留荚生理相关指标存在差异，并受荚发育时期和品种影响。DTA-6和S3307调控后存留荚具有较强的生理调控和自我修复能力，其膜损伤、渗透调节、保护酶系统、脱落酶活性降低等均对降低脱落有积极的响应。

Effects of DTA-6 and S3307 on Physiological Regulation in Normal and Abscission Pods of Soybean

【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of plant growth promoter and plant growth retardator on the difference of physiology in normal and abscission pods of soybean during the pods development in the semi-arid area, to discuss the physiological effects of plant growth regulator on reduction of the abscission of flowers and pods in soybean, and try to find the ways to increase soybean output. 【Method】 Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate（DTA-6）, Uniconazole（S3307）and water were foliage sprayed at initial flowering (R1) stage of 3 varieties including Suinong 28 (SN28), Kenfeng 16 (KF16), and Hefeng 50 (HF50) in the Lindian county, Daqing city of Heilongjiang province in 2012 and 2013. The first time to take samples was 35 d (R5) after spraying, since then, the normal and abscission pods treated with CK and treatments were collected every seven days. The pod coats and seeds were separated, quick frozen for 30 min in the liquid nitrogen, and then stored in low temperature refrigerator(-40℃). Determination was carried out when all the samples were collected. The regulating differences of DTA-6 and S3307 between normal and abscission pods in oxygen free radical metabolism, related abscisic enzymes and soluble matter in soybean were determined and compared. 【Result】 The results demonstrated that during the pod development process, the malonaldehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, soluble sugar and soluble protein of abscission pods were significantly higher than normal pods, the abscission cellulose (AC) activity, polygalacturonase (PG) activity in abscission pods were significantly lower than normal pods. DTA-6 and S3307 could regulate the physiology of normal and abscission pods in soybean. Although DTA-6 and S3307 showed different process in regulating effect, but both in the process had many similar results. The regulating effects of DTA-6 and S3307 showed as follows: DTA-6 and S3307 treatments decreased MDA content, improved SOD, POD activities in normal pods, and decreased AC and PG activities at pod-filling early stage in SN28 and KF16, but decreased at pod-filling late stage in HF50. The physiological difference of normal and abscission pods could change with the pods developmental process in soybean. The extents of increase and decrease were different during pods development process. The physiological difference was influenced by genetically controlled factors.【Conclusion】Compared with normal pods, the physiological indexes of abscission pods were improved, plasma membrane peroxidation was enhanced, balance of protective enzyme system was broken, soluble material were increased, related abscission enzymes activities reduced, and these were affected by environmental factors. The normal pods regulated by DTA-6 and S3307 showed a positive response to biological membrane damage, osmotic adjustment, protective enzyme system, related abscission enzymes activity reduced, especially in improving the physiological regulation and self-repairing ability.